Gen Sci - Term 2 Summative 1 Reviewer

Vocabulary flashcards covering key topics from General Science Term 2 Summative 1, including Louis Pasteur's discoveries, chemical substances, household products, and acids and bases.

Louis Pasteur

French scientist who made major contributions to microbiology and medicine, including Germ Theory, Pasteurization, Vaccination, and disproving Spontaneous Generation.

Spontaneous Generation

The old belief that living organisms could arise from nonliving matter.

Germ Theory

The concept that microorganisms (such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa) are responsible for causing many diseases.

Pasteurization

Heating a food or drink to a specific temperature for a certain time to reduce harmful microorganisms, without completely sterilizing the product.

Vaccine

A preparation that prepares the immune system to recognize and respond to a specific pathogen, serving as disease prevention.

Chemical Substance

Matter with a specific composition and properties.

Element

A chemical substance made up of only one type of atom, such as oxygen (O) or iron (Fe).

Compound

A substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded, such as water ($H_2O$).

Soap

A household and personal-care product used to remove dirt and oil.

Toothpaste

A personal-care product used to clean and protect teeth.

Shampoo

A personal-care product used to clean hair and scalp.

Detergent

A household product used to remove dirt and grease.

Bleach

A household chemical product used to disinfect and whiten.

Baking Soda

A chemical substance used in cooking and cleaning.

Acid

A chemical substance that usually has a pH below 7 ($\text{pH} < 7$), such as vinegar or lemon juice.

Neutral

A substance that has a pH equal to 7 ($\text{pH} = 7$), such as pure water.

Base

A chemical substance that usually has a pH above 7 ($\text{pH} > 7$), such as soap or baking soda solution.