A&P Unit 7

Axial skeleton protects

Brain, Spinal cord, Thoracic and Abdominal Organs

Sutures

Immovable joints that act as the connections between bones of the skull

Major sutures of the skull

Lambdoid suture Coronal suture Sagittal suture Squamous suture

Foramen magnum

Connects the cranial cavity with the vertebral canal, located in the occipital bone

Temporal bones

have tympanic cavities that house the auditory ossicles

Sphenoid

contains the sella turcica that contains a fossa that houses the pituitary gland

Ethmoid bone

contains the cribriform plate that plays a role in olfaction

The maxillae

form the upper jaw

The mandible

form the lower jaw

Hyoid bone

supports the larynx and is the attachment site for the larynx, pharynx and tongue

TMJ

temporomandibular joint

TMJ skull bones

Temporal bone, mandible

Bruxism

Grinding the teeth during sleep

Sinuses

air-filled chambers within the skull

Orbital complexes

surround the eyes

Nasal complexes

surround the nose

Paranasal sinus functions

lighten the skull bone, house an extensive area of mucous epithelium

Fontanelles

large, fibrous areas in between cranial bones

The anterior fontanelle

considered a soft spot on newborns

Craniostenosis

the premature closure of cranial fontanelles

Primary curves

appear in fetal development

Secondary curves

appear several months after birth

Primary curves

thoracic and sacral curves

Secondary curves

cervical and lumbar curves

Vertebral regions

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

Vertebral body

the part of the vertebra that transfers weight along the axis of the vertebral column

Spinous process

can be seen and felt through the skin when the spine is flexed

Intervertebral discs

found in between bodies of successive vertebrae, are made of fibrocartilage

Cervical vertebrae

contain a small, light vertebral body and a split spinous process

C1

atlas, holds up the head, permits movement such as nodding

C2

Axis, permits rotation movement

C7

Vertebra prominens

Costal facets

found on thoracic vertebrae, articular surfaces in which ribs attach

Lumbar vertebrae

the largest vertebrae, as they can withstand the most weight

The sacrum

contain fused vertebrae

Kyphosis

excessive posterior curvature, “round-back”

Lordosis

abdomen and buttocks are protruded, “sway-back”

Scoliosis

lateral curvature of the spine

12 pairs

Vertebrosternal ribs

true ribs (pairs 1-7)

False ribs

pairs 8-12

Vertebrochondral ribs

pairs 8-10

Floating/vertebral ribs

rib pairs 11-12

Breastbone

the sternum

Parts of the sternum

manubrium, the body, the xiphoid process

Jugular notch

a shallow indentation on the superior surface of the manubrium

Xiphoid process

can be fractured due to improper CPR administration