Aphug vocab test 3

a statement that can be proved to be false

alternative fact

the process by which local, unique cultural diversity is reduced, absorbed, or replaced as a dominant outside culture spreads

cultural homogenization

the frequent repetition of an act by a group of people until it becomes a characteristic or expected behavior of that group

Custom

the unauthorized and clandestine digital intrusion into computer systems, networks, or databases belonging to governments, military organizations, or large corporations to steal sensitive, classified, or proprietary data

cyber espionage

a form of sustainable travel to natural environments that conserves the ecosystem, supports the well-being of local communities, and educates visitors

Ecotourism

organized, competitive video gaming events and leagues where individuals or teams face off against each other, typically watched by a live or online spectator audience

Esports

refers to false or misleading reports, hoaxes, or fabricated stories that mimic the format of authentic journalistic media to deceive consumers

fake news

the traditions, customs, and material traits practiced by a small, homogeneous (similar), and often isolated rural group

folk culture (also known as indigenous culture)

An agreement or contract between a corporation and a local business person or group allowing them to sell that corporation's products or use its trademark, logo, and business system in a specific local area

Franchise

a repetitive act performed by a particular individual

Habit

hostile or intrusive software designed to cause intentional harm to computer systems, networks, or devices

Malware

A condition where the number of tourists visiting a destination exceeds the carrying capacity of that location leading to negative impacts on life, economy and quality of life for local residents

Overtourism

the set of practices, ideas, music, fashion, food, and traits shared by large, heterogeneous (diverse) societies that change rapidly and spread widely across the globe

popular culture

a type of malicious software that encrypts a victim's files or locks them out of their device, demanding a financial payment to restore access

Ransomware

a tourism management approach where individuals, businesses, and governments take immediate, accountable actions to minimize the negative economic, environmental, and social impacts of travel while maximizing benefits for local communities

responsible tourism

a strong social or cultural restriction against a specific behavior, action, or discussion imposed by custom, morality, or religion

Taboo

the combination of a location's distinctive physical features and human practices that give a crop or agricultural product its unique flavor, character, and "sense of place"

Terroir

the practice of posting deliberately inflammatory, extraneous, or off-topic messages on social media or online forums to provoke quarrels, agitate people, or disrupt community discussions

Trolling

a form of tourism in which travelers participate in voluntary work, typically for a charity or community project, in the area they are visiting.

Voluntourism

an attempt by a malicious actor to exploit vulnerabilities, coding errors, or unvalidated user inputs in a website or web application

Web application attack

a dialect of English natively spoken by many Black Americans, characterized by its own distinct and consistent grammatical rules, vocabulary, and pronunciation

African American vernacular English

any factor, condition, or event that divides a state's people, weakens its internal stability, and pulls it apart

centrifugal force

any attitude, ideology, institution, or condition that unifies a state, binds its population together, fosters national identity, and strengthens the central government

centripetal force

a hybrid language or mingling of German and English vocabulary, idioms, and grammar

Denglish

a stable, fully developed native language that emerges from the mixing of a colonizer's language with indigenous or enslaved peoples' languages

Creole

a regional or social variety of a single language distinguished by differences in vocabulary, spelling, pronunciation, and grammar

Dialect

a language that is at risk of falling out of use and disappearing as a spoken language because its number of speakers is declining

endangered language

a language that was once used for daily human communication and activities, but no longer has any living speakers or active use

extinct language

a combination of the French and English languages

Franglais

- a language used for official and formal societal functions

institutional language

a geographic boundary line on a map that marks the limit of a specific linguistic feature, such as a distinct pronunciation, word choice, or grammatical usage

Isogloss

a natural language that has no demonstrable genealogical relationship to any other language and does not belong to any known language family

isolated language

a system of communication that uses sounds, symbols, and gestures to convey thoughts, ideas, and emotions, serving as a cornerstone of cultural identity and spatial interaction

Language

a collection of languages within a language family that share a common ancestral language from several thousand years ago

language branch

the largest and broadest category of languages, defined as a group of individual languages that share a distant common ancestral language (known as a proto-language) from long before recorded history

language family

a collection of languages within a language branch that share a relatively recent common origin and display a high degree of similarity in vocabulary and grammar

language group

a shared, common language used for communication between people who speak different native languages

Lingua franca

a scientist or researcher who studies the structure, history, diffusion, relationships, and evolution of human languages

Linguist

the written form of a language

literary tradition

a written symbol that represents an entire word or a meaningful part of a word rather than specific speech sounds or letters

Logogram

a relationship between two languages or dialects where speakers of each can understand one another without prior study, training, or special effort

mutual intelligibility

the language a country's government legally designates for the conduct of state business

official language

a simplified, makeshift contact language that develops between two or more groups who do not share a common native tongue

pidgin language

the standard, non-regional accent of British English traditionally associated with the upper and middle classes, the public school system, and institutions like the BBC and the civil service

Received Pronunciation

a hybrid language or dialect that combines elements of both Spanish and English

Spanglish

a form of a language that is published, widely distributed, and purposely taught to promote uniform communication across a country or region

standard language

It represents a smaller, more localized variation within a broader regional or social dialect

Subdialect

a language officially designated by an organization, corporation, state, or international body as its primary medium for daily communication, administration, and record-keeping

working language