Ucsp final

Cultural Variation

refers to the differences in social behavior that different cultures exhibit around the world.

Culture relativism

is the practice by observing a culture by its own standards rather that viewing it through the lens of one’s own culture.

Culture shock

is the feeling of disoriented, uncertain, out of place or even fearful when immersed in an unfamiliar culture.

Ethnicity

It is the expression of the art of cultural ideas held by a distinct ethnics or indigenous group

Nationality

Is the legal relationship that bonds a person and a country.

Social diffrences

Are the differences among the individual on the basis of social characteristics and qualities.

1. gender

2. socio-economic status

3. exceptionality

Type of Social Differences

Gender

is the socially - constructed characteristics of being male or female.

Socio-economic status

Refers to the category of persons who have more or less the same socio - economic privileges.

Exeptionality

Refers to the state of being intellectually gifted and / or having physically or mentally challenged conditions.

Cultural Universal

are patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies.

Sub Culture

is a culture is shared with a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values which differ from a larger society. the group of society who exhibit subculture have a specific and unique set of a beliefs and values that set them apart from the dominant culture.

Cock Fighting

blood sport in which two roosters specifically bred for aggression are placed break to break in a small ring and encourage to fight to death.

Counter Culture

Culture practice by groups who values and norms place it at odds with mainstream society or a group that actively rejects the dominant cultural values and norms.

High culture

is a culture practiced and patronized by the upper classes of the society.

Popular Culture

culture practiced or patronized by the middle and working classes of the society

Ethnocentrism

The regard that one’s own culture and society is the center of every thing and seen as the efficient and superior among the cultures in the world.

Cultural Change

Observed when new types up new ways of living and when new ideas enter a culture as a result of globalization.

Diversity

• not about how we differ

• is about embracing one another’s uniqueness.

Religion

It is a system of beliefs and practices as well as systems of actions directed toward entities which are above man.

1. Religion

2. Ethnicity

3. nationality

Type of cultural variation

Political Identity

Is almost always associated with a group affiliation and describes the ways in which being a member of a particular group might express specific political opinions and attributes 

1. partisan politics 

2. race and identity 

3. class and identity 

4. colonialism and identity 

types of political identity

Partisan politics

refers to a specific political party affiliation or partisan identity

Kinship

Refers to the bonds between people that can be formed through blood, marriage, or other relationship.

Marriage

A culturally and legally recognized union between people.

 Polyandry

The marriage of a woman to two or more men at the same time.

Religion

A unified system of beliefs and practices related to sacred things.

Marriage

An important institutional element of family comprising of clustered mores and folkways, attitudes, and ideas.

Family

The basic institution in most societies.

Traditional authority

Type of authority which is legitimated by the sanctity of traditions. The ability and right to rule is passed down often through heredity.

 A value

whereby something or someone is recognized and accepted as right and proper and is usually understood as a popular acceptance and recognition by the public authority of governing regime whereby authority has a political power.

 Neolocal

Family structure that is based on residence that permits the newly married couple to live independently.

 Political Dynasty

Refers to a group whose members are involved in politics. This can be seen in families that have been part of the government for several time.

 Chiefdom

Different from bands and tribes in having a more or less permanent full time leader with real authority to make major decisions for their societies.

 Market

An actual or nominal place where forces and where buyers and sellers interact to trade goods, services, or contracts or instruments for money or barter.

Institutions

compose of a set of formal rules, informal norms, or agreed upon understanding that constraint and prescribe political actors behavior and interaction with one another.

Main Fuction

keep society in order and implement specific tasks assigned to them.

EXAMPLE:

- Educational

- Economic

- Political

- Social institutions.

EXAMPLE:

of main function

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN INSTITUTION

 

- A cluster of social usage.

- Relative degree of permanence.

- Well known and defined objectives.

- A bit resistant to social changes due to well solidified beliefs.

- Transmitter of social heritage.

STATE INSTITUTIONS

institutions that have state functions and are established to govern the state.

Population

is a community of person. It is a human political institution.

Territory

state is a territorial unit, definitely territory is its essential component.

Government

The organization or machinery, agency or magistracy of the state which makes, implements, enforces and adjudicates the laws of the states.

Sovereignty

is the most exclusive element of state. State alone possess sovereignty, without it no state can exit.

INTERNAL SOVEREIGNTY

it means the power of the state to order and regulate the activities of all the people, groups, and institutions which are at work within its territory.

External Sovereignty

Complete independence of the state from external control.

- It means the full freedom of the state to participate in the activities of the community of nations.

 

- Executive

- Legislative

- Judiciary

3 BRANCHES OF THE GOVERNMENT

Non State Institutions

Are people and organizations that participate in international affairs and relations but are not affiliated with any state or nations.

Banks

 A financial institutions licensed to provide several financial services to different types of customer.

Retail banks

focuses on consumers or the general public as its costumers.

Commercial Banks

 focuses on business and businessman as its main client.

Investment/Industrial bank

provide medium and long-term loans and deposit to business industries.

Agricultural Bank

provides short-term and long-term loans to facilitate agricultural activities.

Coorperations

- Organization created by a group of people known as a 'shareholders.'

- It is created by the group of shareholders who have ownership of the corporation.

- It is usually set up to create profit to and provide return for its shareholders.

Cooperatives

- are associations owned by people who voluntarily cooperate with each other under the influence of their social, economic and cultural benefits.

- These cooperatives are typically owned by non-profit communities and businesses alike.

- created mainly for human to organized a mutual benefit for each other.

Credit Cooperative

provides financial services to its members.

Consumer Cooperative

obtains and distributes products and commodities to its customer, both members and non-members.

Producer Cooperatives

aids those in the sector of production, either agricultural or industrial.

Muti-Purpose Cooperative

undertakes two or more functions of different cooperatives.

Trade Union

- Are organizations composed of workers and laborers who band together to protect the integrity of their trade, improve safety standards of their work and achieve higher salary.

- Were organized by workers to share in a mutual benefit between members.

- It is also called labor unions.

- Their goal is to improve the working conditions of the country's labor force.

General Union

represent workers with a range jobs and skills from different industries and companies.

Industrial Union

composed of workers from one particular industry, across different levels of hierarchy.

Craft Union

represent skilled workers doing the same work who may be employed in different industries.

White Collar union

composed of professionals doing similar jobs across different industries.

Development Agencies

- Economic developmental agencies are described to be independent organizations that aim to implement strategic ways to developing territories and societies.

- Promote progress by engaging in projects, policy making and dialogue.

- developmental agencies are organizations that simply wish to improve the current standpoint of a certain society.

- It works as a bank that provides financial assistance to important project.

International Organizations

- Refers to institutions established by three or more states as voluntary members in order to promote cooperation and coordination among them.

- A typical organization promotes, enhances and ensures its members through advocacies and state actions.

- Main feature: compose of national states or governments.

- Examples: ASEAN, EUROPEAN UNION, UNITED NATIONS, etc.

- Common Agenda: Economic, Humanitarian and environmental, etc.

- INTERNATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION (INGOs)

- INTER GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION (IGOs)

Main Type of International Organization

INTERNATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION (INGOs)

- Is typically a non-governmental organization (NGO) that operates in the international playing field.

- A well known example of an INGO is the international committee of Red Cross, their ideologies and advocacies are advertised nationwide.

INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION (IGOs)

- Is most commonly known as an international governmental organization.

- Example is the UNITED NATIONS wherein different states meet and coordinate with one another on how they want the global system flow.