Amino Acid Structures and Side Chains

Flashcards covering the chemical structures, functional groups, and side chains of the 20 standard amino acids presented in the lecture.

Аланин

An amino acid with a methyl group ($CH_3$) as its side chain attached to the standard amino acid backbone ($H_2N-CH-COOH$).

Серин

An amino acid containing a hydroxymethyl side chain ($CH_2OH$) attached to the central carbon.

Аспарагиновая кислота

An acidic amino acid featuring a side chain with a carboxylic acid group separated by one methylene unit ($CH_2-COOH$).

Аргинин

A basic amino acid characterized by a three-carbon aliphatic chain terminating in a guanidino group ($CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-NH-C(=NH)NH_2$).

Валин

A branched-chain amino acid possessing an isopropyl side chain ($CH(CH_3)_2$).

Треонин

An amino acid containing a secondary alcohol functional group in its side chain ($CH(OH)-CH_3$).

Глутаминовая кислота

An acidic amino acid with a side chain bearing two methylene carbons and a terminal carboxyl group ($CH_2-CH_2-COOH$).

Лейцин

A branched-chain amino acid whose side chain consists of an isobutyl group ($CH_2-CH(CH_3)_2$).

Цистеин

A sulfur-containing amino acid with a thiol or sulfhydryl group in its side chain ($CH_2-SH$).

Гистидин

An amino acid featuring a side chain with an imidazole ring attached via a methylene bridge ($CH_2$).

Лизин

A basic amino acid with a four-carbon aliphatic chain ending in a primary amino group ($CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-NH_2$).

Изолейцин

An isomer of leucine that contains a sec-butyl side chain ($CH(CH_3)-CH_2-CH_3$) attached to the alpha-carbon.

Тирозин

An aromatic amino acid whose side chain comprises a phenol group linked through a methylene bridge ($CH_2-C_6H_4-OH$).

Аспарагин

An amide derivative of aspartic acid bearing a carboxamide side chain ($CH_2-CONH_2$).

Метионин

A nonpolar, sulfur-containing amino acid possessing a thioether side chain ($CH_2-CH_2-S-CH_3$).

Пролин

A cyclic amino acid where the aliphatic three-carbon side chain ($CH_2-CH_2-CH_2$) loops back and bonds to the amino nitrogen, forming a pyrrolidine ring.

Триптофан

An aromatic amino acid containing a bicyclic indole ring system linked via a methylene group ($CH_2$).

Фенилаланин

An aromatic amino acid composed of a benzene ring attached to a methylene carbon ($CH_2-C_6H_5$).

Глицин

The simplest amino acid, in which the side chain is solely a single hydrogen atom ($H$).

Глутамин

An amino acid with an amide side chain containing two methylene units before the terminal carboxamide group ($CH_2-CH_2-CONH_2$).