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Consciousness

state of awareness of existence, sensation, thoughts, and environment

new things capture attention, old things don’t

Dualism

Mind and brain are separate entities

Brain is physical; mind is nonphysical

Wakeful consciousness

normal alert awareness

sensations, perceptions, memories, and feelings aware of at any given moment

Preconscious level

stored information not actively thought about but available when needed

unconscious level

mental processing of learning, memory, perception, thought, and language takes place

Circadian rhythmn

rhythm of sleeping and waking

24 hours without external cues

Beta waves

awake, alert, anxious

alpha waves

relaxed, ready for sleep

theta waves

stages 1 and 2 of NREM sleep

delta waves

deep sleep, stage 3 of NREM

Hypnagogic sensations

going from wakefulness to sleep

REM

rapid eye movement, “dream sleep”

90 minutes after falling asleep

Stage 1

vivid imagery, auditory hallucinations, sensations of falling and/or floating

last few minutes: transitioning to sleep, unreliable, brain makes things up

Stage 2

sleep spindles and k-complexes in brain activity in waves(high voltage)

stage 3

slow-wave sleep

hormones released for growth in children

immune system refreshing itself

deep sleep, unaware of environment

essential for good health

Paradoxical stage

REM sleep

brain wave activity as if awake, but body is paralyzed

REM paralysis

brain stem blocks communication between cerebral cortex and motor neurons

muscle twitches

REM rebound

no REM experience one night = more REM sleep next night

Consolidation theory

primary function of dreams is to aid in consolidation and processing of memories

brain processes and integrates newly acquired info with existing knowledge

strengthen memory traces and facilitate learning

Activation-synthesis theory

pons send signals to cerebral cortex, creating dreams

views dreams as mind’s attempt to make sense of random nueral firings in brain during sleep

AST says there’s nothing to interpret, “dreams are meaningless”

Narcolepsy

person suddenly falls into REM sleep during waking hours

lack of activity and staying still for long periods may worsen symptoms

Insomnia

inability to fall or stay asleep

caused by many factors such as medical/psychiatric conditions, stress, emotional/physical discomfort or pain, etc

Somnabulism

sleepwalking

no harm will come to sleepwalkers if woken up(common misconception)

REM sleep behavior disorder

body is not paralyzed during REM sleep

can act out dream behavior

Circadian rhythmn disruptions

example of jet lag

easier to switch from day to early night than from days to nights

poor job performance