Greek Exam 2

Colonization

Sending a group from one demos to set up another demos somewhere else

What are the reasons to do colonization

More resources, increase in population, continued development of

What is Xenia

Hospitality, Guests treat hosts with respect, hosts treat guests with respect as well

Corinthian Art Style

o   Popular in the middle of the archaic period

o   Associated with the city Corinth

o   Playing with more colors

o   Wants to cram as much into the art as possible

o   Some geometric influences

o   Yellowish hue to it in the background

Attic Art Style

o   Some type of myth or stories being told in the art

§  Not all of them are like this but most popular ones do show this

o   In black or red

o   From Attica in Athens

o   Spread in the Mediterranean

o   Having this at your grave is not only reserved for the elites

What is the odyssey

Epic about travel and returning home after a decade long war

How long is odysseyus away from home for in the Odyssey

10 years

Who is the “enemy” in the oddyssey

Poseidon (after his son the cyclop’s eye was cut out by odysseyus)

What god is on Odyyseyus’ side

Athena

How does poseidon know that Oddyseyus was the one who cut out his son’s eye

when they are leaving he yells that he did it

Ithica

City that Odysseyus is trying to get back to, to be its kind or lord once more

Oikos

The home

Polis

An independent city

How does a polis differ from a demos

Legal codes, has a formal title, have boundary lines, political unit

Why is the polis not a kingdom

No organization around a central palace unit

Oligarchic aristocracy

a few rich guys are in charge

Under an Oligarchic aristocracy who in theory has rights

all non enslaved men

Tyranny

Ruled by one man that takes power away from the oligarchy for himself

Who usually supports Tyrants

poor people

What brought upon the Economy for the Ancient Greek world

Because of Polis’

How do polis’ manage money

Stamps mark the money, the polis then regulates and distributes the money

How was Sparta in the iron age

Small

What was unique about Sparta

Militaristic

Richest and most powerful city

Very strict rules about being a citizen

Not much art or literature created

What political system did Sparta use

Ruled by a Gerousia (essentially an oligarchic aristocaracy)

What is a Gerousia composed of

Cousel of 2 bassileus

Group of elders

Ephors

Was the Gerousia a version of democracy?

No

Women’s role in sparta

Spartan women can own property

Trained physically in athletics to bear athletic children

What was the pelloponesian league

Essentially go to war with sparta when sparta decides they want to go to war

Everyone in the league has the ability to make decisions and discuss besides what group of people

Messenian people because of them being Helots

Athens originally used what political system before democracy

Oligarchic Aristocracy

Whats a big difference between the Athenians and Spartans in terms of military service

Athenians serve based on need while Spartans are required to serve

Women in Athens

Behavior is heavily regulated

Confined to the home

Have children

Cuold not leave the house without a male

What is the main art type that is done by women

Weaving

What was Slave labor like in the Classical Period

Lots of labor done by slaves

Where did the slaves usually come from

Come from anywhere, they were not tied to any specific race or area

In the Odyssey waht is goign on in Ithica

Odysseus’ seat is left empty and a bunch of suitors are trying to marry his wife to get the power since there is a vaccum

Who is Penelope

Odysseus’ Wife

What does Penelope do to stall the suitors

She tells the suitors that she has to make a giant tapestry and once she is done she will marry one of them, at night she undoes what she has done in the day

Explain the Aoelus arc in the Odyssey

Given a bag of air that will take them home, his crew thinks its gold and opens it. Then after that they are blown off course

Tell me about the Circe Arc

Turns all of Odysseus’ men to animals and then with the help of hermes Odysseus outsmarts her. She turns his men back and then he stays with her for a while and she helps them for the rest of the journey home

Whats the netherworld arc in Odyssey

Odyseeyus talks to a bunch of the dead including the blind prophet Tireseus and he gives him some advice on what to do

How does Odysseus outsmart the suitors when he returns home

He pretends to be a begger and wins an archery contest, then kills all the suits and women slaves that were helping him and takes his spot back

What is a Symposium

A drinking party that is very influencial for community and politics

Who could attend the symposium

Only elite men

How many people usually attend a Symposium

10 - 20

What does a Symposium consist of

Drinking, showing off your knowledge/outfit/etc, watching lyric poetry

What is a krater

A Greek vase with a large open whole to scoop wine out of

What is the center of the party at a symposium

The Krater

Whats weird about the wine in this era

Very strong, taste bad and is chunky so you have to water it down

Why is it important that everyone drinks the same amount at the Sympsoum

Display moderation together

Togetherness idea, if one person is sober and one is hammer than it is not a fun time

What is a Lyre

A small harm that you can play when singing lyric poetry is

How does lyric poetry differ from epics

About a personal experience

No third person omniscient narrator

What is philosophy in this era

People are starting to think more about causes that are in the world that don’t relate to the gods

What is archaic natural philosophy

Early form of science

Agon

Greek word for competition

Are women and enslave women allowed at Symposiums?

Women are not allowed but enslaved women (sex workers) would be

Is it taboo to have a physical relationship with another man

No

Pederasty

Young man or boy gets mentored by an older man that he is not realted to

What is Xenophanes poem about

Gives us the scene that is set at the SymposiumT

What is Tyrtaeus poem about

About war with helts and trying to hype men up and make them courageous

What is Archilochus poem about

Wrote poems about sexual affairs, gods, and one about his shield

What is Theognis poem about

Talks about how to behave in a symposium and talks about social classes

What is an Agathoi

Elite peopleW

What is a Kakoi

The poor people

Who is Solon

Makes some concessions to the poor people, made some legal decisioins for them

What is Sappho poem about

wrote about women sex with other women

What is the Gymnasium

A place where men went to go train in strength

What sets off the classical era

The Greco Persian Wars

Who was herodotus

Classical era author who wrote a large history about the greco persian wars

The histories

Gives a lot of possible reasons and accounts of the Greco Persian War

Ethnography

The study of different cultures and peoples

Describe the persian empire

Giant military, ruled by a king,

Once you are incorporated into the persian empire what must you do

Worship the king, pay taxes, and serve in the military

What happened to the Greeks prior to the persian empire in the archaic period

Many greek cities are incorporated into the persian empire

What is the Ionian Revolt

one of the key origins of the war, where the greek cities rebel from the persian empire

Do greeks win or lose the Ionian revolt

No they lose very badly

What does the Ionian revolt show the persian king

That he has the power to go defeat the greeks and expand even more

Battle of Marathon

Formal beginning of the war that Greeks eventually win

In the time between The battle of Marathon and the Battle of Thermopylae what happens

The original king Darius dies

Athenians start to build a big navy

The Hellenic League is formed

What is the hellenic league

The polis’ aggree to fight as one against the persian invasion

Battle of Thermopylae

Greeks decide to make a stand and hold the Persians for a long time period (the spartans were holding the line) and the other greeks left and were getting prepared and evacuating athens

Athens sacked

Athens evacuates thanks to the effort at Thermopylae, Athensi is sacked

Battle of Salamis

Greek victory becaused of Persian resources but also because of the impressive greek navy of Athens. This was a sea victory

Battle of Plataea

Lnad battle, the persian foot soldiers were finished off

Battle of Mycale

Naval battle, left over persian ships are destroyed

After the Greco Persian war what happened to the ideology

Starts to depict non greek people visually on art

Demokratia

Greek word for democaracy

What was the first step to democarcy

Using a Ekklesia system, citizens express their opinions and then officials take that into consideration

What was the second cause of democaracy

Rising tensions with the Agathoi and kakoi

What significantly raised the tensions

Draconian Laws

What were the Draconian laws

Made death penalty the punishment for all crimes

Who repeles the Draconian Laws

Solon

What were Solon’s reforms

Canceled some debt

No longer able to sell people into slavery because they owed you money

Redistributed land and wealth

Restructure how rights are given

What is a direct cause of Solon not allowing people to be sold into slavery

Slave labor shortage

Who was Pisistratrus

A tyrant that took power twice, his sons also took power after he died

What happened to Athens after Pisistratus’ sons took power

One got assisniated and Tyranny was then ended for good

Cleisthenes

A person who rose to Archon and created the concept of Demes

What is a Demes

Kind of like a county, organizing peple on a smaller scale

Why were Demes important

People start to identifying with their Demes (make it their last name)

What type of people make up a Deme

All different types of people rich and poor