Anatomy Lab week 4,6-8 midterm definitions

Canal

a tunnel through a bone

Ex: condylar ___ of occipital bone passage of condylar emissary vein

condyle

a rounded projection that articulates with another bone

ex: ___ of humerus articulates with radius and ulna

facet

a flat articular surface that may form a joint with another facet or flat bone

Ex: articular __ of mandible forms temporomandibular joint

fissures

a long narrow opening that allows for the passage of blood vessels or nerves

Ex: infraorbital ___ infraorbital artery passes through

foramen

a round hole that allows for passage of blood vessels, nerves, muscles, or other structures

Ex: ___ magnum spinal cord exists cranium

fossa

a shallow deep depression

Ex: Iliac __ depression in pelvic bone

margin

the edge of a bone

Ex: acetabular __ edge of acetabular fossa (iliac part)

process

a raised area or projection

Ex: Spinous ___ posterior part of a vertebrate

wolffs law

your bones will adapt based on the stress or demands places on them

true vs false ribs

True ribs are directly connected to the sternum, where as false ribs, are connected by the cartilage (hyaline)

upper limbs

humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

lower limbs

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

pectoral girdle

scapulae, clavicles

pelvic (hip) girdle

ilium, ischium, pubis

scapulae

posterior aspect of the shoulder girdle

flat bone

**medial articulation: CLAVICLE

**lateral articulation: HUMERUS

Clavicles

anterior aspect of the shoulder girdle

long bone

medial articulation: cartilage of 1st rib and manubrium

lateral articulatioin: scapula

humerus terminology: Head

most proximal and medial part of the bone, rounded

humerus: Greater tubercle

rounded projection furthest lateral from the head on proximal end

Humerus: lesser tubercle

rounded projection lateral to the head and medial to greater tubercle

humerus: intertubercular groove

space in between the greater and lesser tubercle

humerus: radial groove

shallow depression for the radial nerve, located on posterior side

humerus: deltoid tuberosity

projection on the lateral portion of the shaft

humerus: trochela

middle part of the distal portion of the bone

humerus: capitulum

directly lateral to the trochela

humerus: cornoid fossa

depression directly superior to the tracheal (anterior side)

humerus: olecranon fossa

triangular depression at the back of the trochlea (posterior side)

humerus: medial epicondyle

most medial part of the distal portion of the bone

humerus: lateral epicondyle

most lateral part of the distal portion of the bone

humerus: radial fossa

depression directly superior to the capitulum

Radius: head

cylindrical cap on the proximal end of the bone

Radius: tubercle

medial projection inferior to the head

radius: styloid process

pointy projection on the lateral side of the distal end of the bone

radius: ulnar notch

on the medial side of the distal end of the bone, where the ulna articulates with the radius

ulna: olecranon

most proximal part of the bone

ulna: trochlear notch

directly inferior to the olecranon, where the trochlea of the humerus articulates

ulna: coronoid process

medial projection just inferior to the trochlear notch

ulna: radial notch

Just lateral to the coronoid process

ulna: styloid process

pointy projection on the distal part of the bone

ulna: head

cylindrical end of the bone on the distal side

So long to pinky

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

here comes the thumb

hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium

ilium

the superior portion of the pelvic bone superior 1/3 of the acetabular fossa

ischium

posterior portion of the pelvic bone posterior 1/3 of the acetabular fossa posterior ½ of the obturator foramen

pubis

anterior portion of the pelvic bone anterior 1/3 of the acetabular fossa anterior ½ of the obturator foramen

5 tarsal bones

Calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, cuneiform

No movement

synarthroses

slight movement

amphiarthroses

full movement

diarthrosis

synarthroses

• cranial sutures: connection B/W skull bones

• gomphosis: connection between teeth, maxilla and jaw

• synchondroses: immovable cartilaginous joint

• not in all sternocostal joints

Amphiarthrosis

• syndesmoses: ligamentous connection B/W two bones

• tibia and fibula

• symphyses: fibrocartilaginous pads B/W two bones

• pubic symphysis

Diarthrosis

• synovial: presence of articular capsule, often supported by surrounding ligaments

• gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket

flexion

decrease in joint angle

extension

increase in joint angle

pronation

palm down

supination

palm up

internal rotation

rotation towards the center of the body

external rotation

rotation away from the center of the body

plantar flexion

movement of the foot toward the ground

dorsiflexion

movement of the foot toward the shin

inversion

sole of foot towards the midline

eversion

sole of foot away from midline

protraction

anterior scapula movement

retraction

posterior scapula movement

abduction

moving away from midline

adduction

moving toward midline

pivot DEF

rotational movement around an axis

hinge DEF

uniplanar movement

saddle DEF

multiplanar

ball and socket DEF

greatest degree of freedom

condyloid DEF

modified ball and socket

gliding (plane) DEF

sliding motion in all directions

Gliding joint

• linear motion

• sliding past each other

  • inteveterbral

  • carpals

  • tarsals

Hinge joint

• one axis

• flexion/ extension

  • elbow, knee, ankle, phalanges

Pivot joints

• rotational

  • C1 and C2: rotation of head

  • Radius and ulna: rotation of forearm

Condyloid joints

• Convex and concave ends

• flexion

• extension

• circumduction

  • radius and carpals

Saddle joints

• flexion and extension

• adduction and abduction

  • trapezium and first metacarpal

  • makes thumb opposable

Ball and socket joint

• rotates on any axis

  • flexion and extension

  • adduction and abduction

  • internal and external rotation

  • circumduction

    • hip and shoulder