Week 4 Reading Quiz

Large agricultural estates owned by wealthy Roman elites and worked by slaves.

latifundia

Roman brothers and tribunes who championed land reforms for the poor.

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

A Roman general and consul who reformed the military by allowing landless citizens to enlist.

Marius

A Roman general and dictator who marched on Rome and instituted violent proscriptions.

Sulla

A political alliance between Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.

First Triumvirate

What river did Julius Caesar cross to enter Italy with his army?

The Rubicon River.

Who assassinated Julius Caesar?

A group of Roman senators led by Brutus and Cassius.

What battle ended the conflict between Octavian and Antony?

The Battle of Actium.

What title did Octavian receive in 27 BCE?

Augustus.

What was the Pax Romana?

A long period of relative peace and stability across the Roman Empire.

Who were the Five Good Emperors?

Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius.

The absolute legal head of the Roman family.

paterfamilias

Rome's first written code of law displayed publicly in the Forum.

Twelve Tables

An ancient network of trade routes connecting the Roman Empire to Asia.

Silk Road

Who wrote Meditations?

Marcus Aurelius

What philosophical school did Marcus Aurelius follow?

Stoicism

What did Stoics believe about negative emotions?

They resulted from poor judgment; wisdom helped people respond rationally to difficulties.

Who wrote the letters about how Christians should be treated?

Pliny the Younger and Emperor Trajan

What was Trajan's policy toward Christians?

They were not to be actively hunted down, but those who were accused and refused to renounce Christianity could be punished.

Who wrote Life of Constantine?

Eusebius

A Roman emperor who supported Christianity.

Constantine

Belief in one God.

Monotheism

A Hebrew prophet who emphasized moral behavior and criticized religious practices without genuine justice.

Amos

A biblical figure associated with visions of successive empires, God's coming kingdom, and judgment.

Daniel

A Seleucid ruler who interfered with Jewish religious practices and desecrated the Jerusalem Temple.

Antiochus IV

Jewish rebels who fought against Seleucid rule and helped restore an independent Jewish state.

Maccabees