HIST midterm unit2

Sumer

EN: Early Mesopotamian civilization of independent city-states. | JP: メソポタミア南部の初期文明。都市国家が発達した。

Identify the term: Early Mesopotamian civilization of independent city-states?

Sumer | JP: メソポタミア南部の初期文明。都市国家が発達した。

What should you remember about Sumer?

Early Mesopotamian civilization of independent city-states. | JP: メソポタミア南部の初期文明。都市国家が発達した。

City-state

EN: Independent city and surrounding territory with its own government. | JP: 都市と周辺地域が独立した政治単位をつくる国家。

Identify the term: Independent city and surrounding territory with its own government?

City-state | JP: 都市と周辺地域が独立した政治単位をつくる国家。

What should you remember about City-state?

Independent city and surrounding territory with its own government. | JP: 都市と周辺地域が独立した政治単位をつくる国家。

Cuneiform

EN: Wedge-shaped writing developed in ancient Mesopotamia. | JP: 古代メソポタミアで発達した楔形文字。

Identify the term: Wedge-shaped writing developed in ancient Mesopotamia?

Cuneiform | JP: 古代メソポタミアで発達した楔形文字。

What should you remember about Cuneiform?

Wedge-shaped writing developed in ancient Mesopotamia. | JP: 古代メソポタミアで発達した楔形文字。

Writing

EN: Record-keeping system that helped governments, trade, and culture grow. | JP: 行政・交易・文化の発展を支えた記録手段。

Identify the term: Record-keeping system that helped governments, trade, and culture grow?

Writing | JP: 行政・交易・文化の発展を支えた記録手段。

What should you remember about Writing?

Record-keeping system that helped governments, trade, and culture grow. | JP: 行政・交易・文化の発展を支えた記録手段。

Trade

EN: Exchange of goods that connected ancient societies and spread ideas. | JP: 物資の交換。文明同士を結び、技術や思想も広めた。

Identify the term: Exchange of goods that connected ancient societies and spread ideas?

Trade | JP: 物資の交換。文明同士を結び、技術や思想も広めた。

What should you remember about Trade?

Exchange of goods that connected ancient societies and spread ideas. | JP: 物資の交換。文明同士を結び、技術や思想も広めた。

Epic of Gilgamesh

EN: Mesopotamian epic about kingship, friendship, death, and immortality. | JP: 王・友情・死・不死を扱うメソポタミアの叙事詩。

Identify the term: Mesopotamian epic about kingship, friendship, death, and immortality?

Epic of Gilgamesh | JP: 王・友情・死・不死を扱うメソポタミアの叙事詩。

What should you remember about Epic of Gilgamesh?

Mesopotamian epic about kingship, friendship, death, and immortality. | JP: 王・友情・死・不死を扱うメソポタミアの叙事詩。

Hammurabi

EN: Babylonian king famous for a written law code. | JP: 成文法典で有名なバビロニア王。

Identify the term: Babylonian king famous for a written law code?

Hammurabi | JP: 成文法典で有名なバビロニア王。

What should you remember about Hammurabi?

Babylonian king famous for a written law code. | JP: 成文法典で有名なバビロニア王。

Code of Hammurabi

EN: Babylonian law collection showing social hierarchy and royal justice. | JP: 身分差と王の正義観を示すバビロニアの法典。

Identify the term: Babylonian law collection showing social hierarchy and royal justice?

Code of Hammurabi | JP: 身分差と王の正義観を示すバビロニアの法典。

What should you remember about Code of Hammurabi?

Babylonian law collection showing social hierarchy and royal justice. | JP: 身分差と王の正義観を示すバビロニアの法典。

Akkadian Empire

EN: Early Mesopotamian empire that united many city-states. | JP: 多くの都市国家を統合した初期メソポタミア帝国。

Identify the term: Early Mesopotamian empire that united many city-states?

Akkadian Empire | JP: 多くの都市国家を統合した初期メソポタミア帝国。

What should you remember about Akkadian Empire?

Early Mesopotamian empire that united many city-states. | JP: 多くの都市国家を統合した初期メソポタミア帝国。

Sargon of Akkad

EN: Ruler who created the Akkadian Empire through conquest. | JP: 征服によってアッカド帝国を築いた支配者。

Identify the term: Ruler who created the Akkadian Empire through conquest?

Sargon of Akkad | JP: 征服によってアッカド帝国を築いた支配者。

What should you remember about Sargon of Akkad?

Ruler who created the Akkadian Empire through conquest. | JP: 征服によってアッカド帝国を築いた支配者。

Nile River

EN: River whose floods supported Egyptian farming, travel, and unity. | JP: 洪水が農業・交通・エジプト統一を支えた川。

Identify the term: River whose floods supported Egyptian farming, travel, and unity?

Nile River | JP: 洪水が農業・交通・エジプト統一を支えた川。

What should you remember about Nile River?

River whose floods supported Egyptian farming, travel, and unity. | JP: 洪水が農業・交通・エジプト統一を支えた川。

Pharaoh

EN: Egyptian ruler viewed as both political leader and sacred king. | JP: 政治指導者であり神聖な王と考えられたエジプト支配者。

Identify the term: Egyptian ruler viewed as both political leader and sacred king?

Pharaoh | JP: 政治指導者であり神聖な王と考えられたエジプト支配者。

What should you remember about Pharaoh?

Egyptian ruler viewed as both political leader and sacred king. | JP: 政治指導者であり神聖な王と考えられたエジプト支配者。

Egyptian Afterlife

EN: Belief that life continued after death, shaping burial practices. | JP: 死後も生命が続くという信仰。埋葬文化に大きく影響した。

Identify the term: Belief that life continued after death, shaping burial practices?

Egyptian Afterlife | JP: 死後も生命が続くという信仰。埋葬文化に大きく影響した。

What should you remember about Egyptian Afterlife?

Belief that life continued after death, shaping burial practices. | JP: 死後も生命が続くという信仰。埋葬文化に大きく影響した。

Mummification

EN: Preservation of the dead body for the Egyptian afterlife. | JP: 死後世界に備えて遺体を保存するエジプトの方法。

Identify the term: Preservation of the dead body for the Egyptian afterlife?

Mummification | JP: 死後世界に備えて遺体を保存するエジプトの方法。

What should you remember about Mummification?

Preservation of the dead body for the Egyptian afterlife. | JP: 死後世界に備えて遺体を保存するエジプトの方法。

Egyptian Queens

EN: Royal women could hold major religious and political influence. | JP: 王族女性は宗教・政治で大きな影響力を持つことがあった。

Identify the term: Royal women could hold major religious and political influence?

Egyptian Queens | JP: 王族女性は宗教・政治で大きな影響力を持つことがあった。

What should you remember about Egyptian Queens?

Royal women could hold major religious and political influence. | JP: 王族女性は宗教・政治で大きな影響力を持つことがあった。

Mesopotamia

EN: Region between the Tigris and Euphrates where early cities developed. | JP: ティグリス川とユーフラテス川の間で初期都市が発達した地域。

Identify the term: Region between the Tigris and Euphrates where early cities developed?

Mesopotamia | JP: ティグリス川とユーフラテス川の間で初期都市が発達した地域。

What should you remember about Mesopotamia?

Region between the Tigris and Euphrates where early cities developed. | JP: ティグリス川とユーフラテス川の間で初期都市が発達した地域。

Tigris River

EN: Major Mesopotamian river used for farming and settlement. | JP: メソポタミアの農業と定住を支えた主要河川。

Identify the term: Major Mesopotamian river used for farming and settlement?

Tigris River | JP: メソポタミアの農業と定住を支えた主要河川。

What should you remember about Tigris River?

Major Mesopotamian river used for farming and settlement. | JP: メソポタミアの農業と定住を支えた主要河川。

Euphrates River

EN: Major Mesopotamian river central to irrigation and city growth. | JP: 灌漑と都市発展に重要だったメソポタミアの主要河川。

Identify the term: Major Mesopotamian river central to irrigation and city growth?

Euphrates River | JP: 灌漑と都市発展に重要だったメソポタミアの主要河川。

What should you remember about Euphrates River?

Major Mesopotamian river central to irrigation and city growth. | JP: 灌漑と都市発展に重要だったメソポタミアの主要河川。

Irrigation

EN: Artificial watering system that supported farming in dry regions. | JP: 乾燥地農業を支えた人工的な給水・灌漑制度。

Identify the term: Artificial watering system that supported farming in dry regions?

Irrigation | JP: 乾燥地農業を支えた人工的な給水・灌漑制度。

What should you remember about Irrigation?

Artificial watering system that supported farming in dry regions. | JP: 乾燥地農業を支えた人工的な給水・灌漑制度。

Ziggurat

EN: Large stepped temple platform at the center of many Sumerian cities. | JP: 多くのシュメール都市の中心にあった階段状神殿。

Identify the term: Large stepped temple platform at the center of many Sumerian cities?

Ziggurat | JP: 多くのシュメール都市の中心にあった階段状神殿。

What should you remember about Ziggurat?

Large stepped temple platform at the center of many Sumerian cities. | JP: 多くのシュメール都市の中心にあった階段状神殿。

Sumerian city-states

EN: Independent cities such as Ur and Uruk with their own rulers and gods. | JP: ウルやウルクのように独自の支配者と神を持つ独立都市。

Identify the term: Independent cities such as Ur and Uruk with their own rulers and gods?

Sumerian city-states | JP: ウルやウルクのように独自の支配者と神を持つ独立都市。

What should you remember about Sumerian city-states?

Independent cities such as Ur and Uruk with their own rulers and gods. | JP: ウルやウルクのように独自の支配者と神を持つ独立都市。

Uruk

EN: Major early Sumerian city associated with early urban life and Gilgamesh. | JP: 初期都市文明とギルガメシュに結びつく主要シュメール都市。

Identify the term: Major early Sumerian city associated with early urban life and Gilgamesh?

Uruk | JP: 初期都市文明とギルガメシュに結びつく主要シュメール都市。

What should you remember about Uruk?

Major early Sumerian city associated with early urban life and Gilgamesh. | JP: 初期都市文明とギルガメシュに結びつく主要シュメール都市。

Scribe

EN: Trained writer who kept administrative, commercial, and religious records. | JP: 行政・交易・宗教記録を作成した専門の書記。

Identify the term: Trained writer who kept administrative, commercial, and religious records?

Scribe | JP: 行政・交易・宗教記録を作成した専門の書記。

What should you remember about Scribe?

Trained writer who kept administrative, commercial, and religious records. | JP: 行政・交易・宗教記録を作成した専門の書記。

Polytheism

EN: Belief in many gods; common in Mesopotamia and Egypt. | JP: 多数の神を信じる多神教。メソポタミアやエジプトで一般的。

Identify the term: Belief in many gods; common in Mesopotamia and Egypt?

Polytheism | JP: 多数の神を信じる多神教。メソポタミアやエジプトで一般的。

What should you remember about Polytheism?

Belief in many gods; common in Mesopotamia and Egypt. | JP: 多数の神を信じる多神教。メソポタミアやエジプトで一般的。

Mesopotamian gods

EN: Gods were linked to nature and cities and required ritual service. | JP: 神々は自然や都市と結びつき、儀礼による奉仕を求めた。

Identify the term: Gods were linked to nature and cities and required ritual service?

Mesopotamian gods | JP: 神々は自然や都市と結びつき、儀礼による奉仕を求めた。

What should you remember about Mesopotamian gods?

Gods were linked to nature and cities and required ritual service. | JP: 神々は自然や都市と結びつき、儀礼による奉仕を求めた。

Why was writing important in Mesopotamia?

EN: It recorded taxes, trade, laws, stories, and government activity. | JP: 税・交易・法律・物語・行政を記録できたため重要だった。

Which historical question does this answer? It recorded taxes, trade, laws, stories, and government activity?

Why was writing important in Mesopotamia? | JP: 税・交易・法律・物語・行政を記録できたため重要だった。

Give the core answer: Why was writing important in Mesopotamia?

It recorded taxes, trade, laws, stories, and government activity. | JP: 税・交易・法律・物語・行政を記録できたため重要だった。

Why was Hammurabi's Code important?

EN: It publicly recorded laws and showed social rank and royal justice. | JP: 法を成文化し、身分差と王の司法観を示したため。

Which historical question does this answer? It publicly recorded laws and showed social rank and royal justice?

Why was Hammurabi's Code important? | JP: 法を成文化し、身分差と王の司法観を示したため。

Give the core answer: Why was Hammurabi's Code important?

It publicly recorded laws and showed social rank and royal justice. | JP: 法を成文化し、身分差と王の司法観を示したため。

Law and social class under Hammurabi

EN: Penalties varied by the social status of the people involved. | JP: ハンムラビ法典では当事者の身分により刑罰が異なった。

Identify the term: Penalties varied by the social status of the people involved?

Law and social class under Hammurabi | JP: ハンムラビ法典では当事者の身分により刑罰が異なった。

What should you remember about Law and social class under Hammurabi?

Penalties varied by the social status of the people involved. | JP: ハンムラビ法典では当事者の身分により刑罰が異なった。

Empire

EN: State that rules many peoples or territories under one authority. | JP: 一つの権力が複数の民族・地域を支配する国家。

Identify the term: State that rules many peoples or territories under one authority?

Empire | JP: 一つの権力が複数の民族・地域を支配する国家。

What should you remember about Empire?

State that rules many peoples or territories under one authority. | JP: 一つの権力が複数の民族・地域を支配する国家。

Why was the Akkadian Empire significant?

EN: It united many Mesopotamian city-states under imperial rule. | JP: 多くのメソポタミア都市国家を帝国支配の下に統合したから。

Which historical question does this answer? It united many Mesopotamian city-states under imperial rule?

Why was the Akkadian Empire significant? | JP: 多くのメソポタミア都市国家を帝国支配の下に統合したから。

Give the core answer: Why was the Akkadian Empire significant?

It united many Mesopotamian city-states under imperial rule. | JP: 多くのメソポタミア都市国家を帝国支配の下に統合したから。

Upper Egypt

EN: Southern Nile region, upstream from the delta. | JP: ナイル川上流側にあるエジプト南部。

Identify the term: Southern Nile region, upstream from the delta?

Upper Egypt | JP: ナイル川上流側にあるエジプト南部。

What should you remember about Upper Egypt?

Southern Nile region, upstream from the delta. | JP: ナイル川上流側にあるエジプト南部。

Lower Egypt

EN: Northern Nile Delta region near the Mediterranean. | JP: 地中海に近いナイル・デルタのエジプト北部。

Identify the term: Northern Nile Delta region near the Mediterranean?

Lower Egypt | JP: 地中海に近いナイル・デルタのエジプト北部。

What should you remember about Lower Egypt?

Northern Nile Delta region near the Mediterranean. | JP: 地中海に近いナイル・デルタのエジプト北部。

Nile Delta

EN: Fertile northern area where the Nile spreads into branches before the sea. | JP: ナイル川が海へ注ぐ前に枝分かれする肥沃な北部地域。

Identify the term: Fertile northern area where the Nile spreads into branches before the sea?

Nile Delta | JP: ナイル川が海へ注ぐ前に枝分かれする肥沃な北部地域。

What should you remember about Nile Delta?

Fertile northern area where the Nile spreads into branches before the sea. | JP: ナイル川が海へ注ぐ前に枝分かれする肥沃な北部地域。

Old Kingdom

EN: Egyptian period associated with strong pharaohs and pyramid building. | JP: 強力なファラオとピラミッド建設で知られる古王国時代。