Literary Art

Literature

reading a literary work vicariously

immerses you into the world it depicts, involving you with its characters, setting,

plot, themes, and language.

window to culture

Literature is a “_____,” that is,

explore and analyze texts.

By studying literature, we can learn how to

Thomas E. Barden

according to _______ Literature is the only part of the educational curriculum that deals directly

with the actual world of lived experience.

Prose

- the ordinary language people use in speaking or writing

Prose

a literary medium distinguished from poetry especially by its

greater irregularity and variety of rhythm and its closer

correspondence to the patterns of everyday speech

Fiction

- refers to any narrative in prose or in verse that is wholly

or in part a production of the imagination.

• Prose

• Poetry

Genres of Literature

Characters/Characterization

how a character behaves in a certain situation

Setting

– the milieu, the location, and the time of the story.

Plot

– the sequence of events or actions in the story.

(Exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution)

Plot elements

Symbolism

- an object, event, or character which represents an abstract idea like love, patriotism, etc.

Point of View

– the narrator of the story.

1st person POV

– the narrator is one of the characters in the story and narrates the story

from his own observation.

3rd person POV

– the narrator is not part of the story.

Omniscient

– the narrator is “all present.” He knows what’s going on in the minds of the

characters, and he comments on it.

Conflict

– the main problem in the story.

Theme

– the underlying idea that comments on human condition; a truth in life which is in the heart of the story; it is usually implied rather than stated.

• Novel

• Short Story

• Fairytale

• epic

• Folktale

• Myth

• Legend

• Fables

Kinds of Fiction:

Novel

fictitious prose narrative or a tale of considerable length

Short Story

brief fictional prose narrative or short work of fiction.

Epic

stories about the heroic deeds of an individual and his adventures.

Fairytale

stories that involve magic

Folktale

timeless tales that circulate among people

Legend

stories about the origin of something

Fables

a narration intended to enforce a useful truth.

Myth

– stories of gods and goddesses

• fiction

• non fiction

kinds of prose

Non-fiction

- Literature of Knowledge. Deals with facts, experiences, ideas or events.

• Essays

• Biographies

• Diaries

• Journals

Kinds of Non-Fiction:

Essays

analytic or interpretative literary composition usually dealing with its subject.

Biographies

– written history of a person’s life

Diaries

– daily record of personal activities

Journals

– periodical dealing especially with matters of current interest.

• Prose

• Poetry

• Drama

Genres of Literature

Poetry

– one of the most artistic ways of expressing thoughts and feelings.

Poetry

are literary attempts to share personal experiences and feelings; its subject matter is also about the poet’s personal life or the lives of those around him

• Rhyme

• Rhythm

• Theme

• Symbolism

• Tone/Mood

• Meter

• Imagery

Elements of Poetry:

Rhyme

– repeats similar sounds in some apparent scheme.

Rhythm

– the result of systematically stressing or accenting words and syllables

Theme

– the heart and soul of the poem.

Symbolism

– an object, event, or character which represents an abstract idea like love, patriotism, etc.

Tone/Mood

– reveals the attitude toward the subject and in some cases

the attitude of the persona or implied speaker of the poem as well.

Meter

– the regularized and pattern rhythm.

Persona

– the one who is talking in the poem.

Imagery

– more than a visual detail, it includes sounds, textures, feel,

odors, and sometimes even tastes.

Simile

– direct comparison between two dissimilar objects by means of the words like “as”, “like”, and “as if.”

Metaphor

– gives an implied, not expressed, comparison to two unlike objects.

Personification

– gives an inanimate object or an abstract idea a human attribute or considered it a live being.

Apostrophe

– an address to the absent as if he were present or somebody dead as if he were alive.

Metonymy

– one word is put for another which it suggests.

Antithesis

– a contrast of words or ideas.

Hyperbole

– the use of exaggeration.

Irony

– saying the opposite of what is meant in a manner

or in a tone that shows what the speaker thinks.

Alliteration

– the repetition for effect of initial vowels or consonants.

Onomatopoeia

– a word that simply means the imitation in words of natural sounds.

Assonance

– refers to the correspondence of vowel sounds.

dram, “to do” or “to act.”

Drama – from the Greek word ____ which means “

• Opera-

• Pantomimes

• Creative drama-

Different Forms of Drama

Opera

- has been warmly accepted during the Renaissance period. Actors are also expected to be good singers.

Pantomimes

- keep the theme of folk tales as the primary element and is organized with

masques, characters wear costumes and make-up.

Creative drama-

modern version of drama and is often done in schools for the students to exhibit

their talents in acting.

• Theme

• Plot

• Characters

• Dialogue

• Music-

• Visual Element (Spectacle)-

• Structure of the story-

• Direction

• Stagecraft

Elements of Drama

Theme

- refers to the central idea of the play.

Plot

- the order of events in a play.

Characters

- the actors in a drama.

Dialogue

- the success of the drama depends largely on this.

Music-

comprises of the melody of sounds and rhythm in dialogues.

Visual Element (Spectacle)-

deals with the scenes, costumes, and special effects used.

Structure of the story-

comprises the way in which the story is put forth to the audience.

Direction

- can help in fetching greater mass appeal

Stagecraft

- plays a vital role in increasing the visual appeal of drama, stage set-up

1. Literature as a form of pleasure.

a. Literature provides a form of escape.

b. Literature provides aesthetic satisfaction.

2. Literature as a form of engagement.

a. Literature provides a way of interpreting the world.

b. Literature provides a way of transforming the world.

Functions of Literature