Chapter 6 (copy)

what are called Chondrocyte cells

Cartilage cells are called Chondrocyte cells

Another word for Immature cells

Chondroblast cells

what remain single or make groups of 2-4

Cells

what remain inside cavities called Lacunae

Cells

what has no blood or nerve supply

Tissue in Skeletal Cartilage

what receive nutrient and O2 by diffusion process

Cells in the Skeletal Cartilage

Skeletal Cartilage

Three types of cartilages - hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

Hyaline Cartilage

Most common cartilage

Hyaline Cartilage

Makes most parts of the embryonic skeleton

Hyaline Cartilage

Found at the end of long bones, soft parts of nose, ringsof respiratory passages, etc.

Elastic Cartilage

More flexible than hyaline cartilage

Elastic Cartilage

Found in the pinna, part of larynx, etc.

Fibro Cartilage

Very strong, absorbs shock

Fibro Cartilage

Strongest type of cartilage in human body

Fibro Cartilage

Matrix contain many collagen fibers

Fibro Cartilage

Found between vertebrae, bones of the pelvic girdle,knee, etc.

Appositional Growth

when cells in the perichondrium secrete matrixon the external face of existing cartilage

Interstitial Growth

When cartilage cells in the lacunae divide,secrete new matrix and expand the cartilage from inside

Cells are called

Osteocytes

Immature cells are

Osteoblasts

Crystals of calcium phosphate are called

Hydroxyapatitis

Salts make about what percent of fibers

67%

fibers make about what percent of bone weight

33%

Cells communicate with each other through

Canaluculi

what has blood or nerve supply

tissue

what can be Compact or Spongy

bone tissue

Lamellae form units called

Osteons

The canal at the center of the osteon is the

Haversian Canal(Osteonic Canal)

what contains nerves and blood vessels

canal

what are interconnected by Volkmann's canals

Haversian canals

what is highly vascular

tissue in compact bone

Lamellae, Osteons, and Haversian Canals are absent in

Spongy Bone

Where do Trabeculae overlap each other to form spongy appearance of tissue

Spongy Bone

The spaces between trabeculae contain what

red bone marrow

Osteogenic cells

These are mitotically active stem cells or osteoprogenitor cellsfound in the periosteum and endosteum

Osteogenic cells

In growing bones, they are squamous cells

Osteoblast cells

These are dividing bone cells

Osteoblast cells

They produce collagen and binding proteins for bone matrix

Osteoblast cells

Active cells are cuboidal, inactive cells are squamosal

Osteoblast cells

May differentiate into bone lining cells

Osteocyte cells

These are mature bone cells

Osteocyte cells

Live inside the lacunae

Osteocyte cells

They monitor and maintain the bone matrixo

Bone lining cells

These are squamosal cells

periosteal cells

are associated with the periosteum

endosteal cells

are associated with the endosteum

Bone lining cells

They are thought to help maintain bone matrix

Osteoclast cells

These are giant multinucleated bone cells

Osteoclast cells

Associated with enzymatic bone resorption (degrading)

Osteoclast cells

Cells are located into shallow depressions called resorption bay

Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones via

tendons

what use bones as levers to support movement

muscles

what store minerals such as calcium and phosphate

bones

A constant exchange of minerals (ions) occurs between

bones and blood

what percent of red marrow cells are hematopoietic stem cells

2-4%

Triglyceride storage

The marrow cavity of long bones stores yellow marrow which isbasically fat, a source of energy

Hormone production

Bone tissue produce osteocalcin, a hormone that helps regulate insulinsecretion and glucose homeostasis

Long bones

Bones with two Epiphyses (end) and one Diaphysis (shaft)

Epiphysis consists of

spongy bones

The ends of a long bone contain layers of hyaline cartilage called

Articular Cartilage

Layers of cartilage that mostly occurs between the diaphysis and theepiphysis is the

Epiphyseal Plate (growth plate

The long cavity inside the long bone is the

Medullary Cavity

The fibrous tissue lining of the medullary cavity is the

Endosteum

Wall of diaphysis consists of compact bone with a what cavity

Medullary Cavity

Bone is covered by a fibrous tissue membrane called

Periosteumo

Short bones

Somewhat cube shaped bone

Short bones

Spongy inside with layers of compact bone outside

Flat bones

Bones with broad, flat surface

Flat bones

Consists of two layers of compact bone with a layer of spongy bonein-between

Irregular bones

Bones with complex structures

Sesamoid bones

Embedded within the tendons

Short bone

e.g. wrist bone, ankle bone etc.

Long bones

e.g. arm bone, thigh bone, finger bone etc.

Flat bones

e.g. cranial bones, scapula, ribs, sternum, etc.

Irregular bones

e.g. vertebrae, some skull bones, etc.

Sesamoid bones

e.g. knee cap (largest sesamoid bone)

Sutural bones

Small clusters of bones formed within the sutures

Forameno

Round or oval opening through a bone

Forameno

Function: passage for blood vessels, nerves, etc.

Fissure

A narrow, slit-like opening

Fissure

Function: passage for blood vessels, nerves, etc

Meatus

A tube-like canal within a bone

Meatus

i.e. ear canal

Sinus

A space/cavity within the skull bones

Sinus

Function: mucus production / sound chamber

Groove

A furrow

Groove

Also called sulks

Groove

Accommodates blood vessels, nerves, etc

Fossa

A depression above

Condyle

A rounded process

Condyle

Function: Articulation (bone to bone connection)

Facet

A flat, nearly smooth surface

Ramus

An arm like bar of bone

Tubercle

A small, rounded, knob-like process

Tuberosity

A large, rounded, knob-like process

Trochanter

A large, blunt projection

Crest

A narrow, prominent ridge of bone

Line

A narrow, less prominent ridge of bone

Spine

A sharp, slender projection

Epicondyle

A prominence above the condyle