Heimler Review Guide Unit 2: 1607-1754

This flashcard set covers the comparison of European colonialism, colonial regional differences, and transatlantic exchange patterns between 1607 and 1754.

Spanish Colonial Goals

Conquest, extracting wealth, and spreading Christianity.

Encomienda and casta systems

Systems utilized by the Spanish to extract wealth and manage social hierarchies in their colonies.

French Colonial Economic Activities

Activities focused on the extraction of wealth through trade in fur and fish.

Jesuit missionaries

French religious individuals who aimed to spread Christianity as part of colonial goals.

Dutch Colonial Focus

Primarily focused on trade, specifically shipping, fur, and finance/banking.

New Amsterdam

The original Dutch name for what became New York City.

English Colonial Goals

Extraction of wealth, gaining new territory, seeking religious freedom, and seeking improved living conditions.

Enclosure Movement

A historical event in England that meant less land was available, driving colonization for new territory.

Joint-stock companies

Commercial entities that funded English colonies through investments in timber, furs, and tobacco.

Chesapeake Economic Activities

Economies centered around tobacco plantations.

House of Burgesses

The system of government found in the Chesapeake region, specifically in Virginia.

New England Economy

Based on subsistence farming, fishing, and timber shipbuilding.

Mayflower Compact

A document from the New England colonies establishing self-governance and town hall meetings.

Middle Colonies Economy

Based on the cultivation of wheat, barley, and corn.

Quakers

The group that founded Pennsylvania, creating a religiously tolerant and diverse society.

Mercantilism

An economic theory where governments strictly regulate imperial economies to protect trade and profit from rivals, based on a belief in finite wealth.

Navigation Acts

Regulations used by governments to control imperial economies and protect trade profit as part of mercantilist policies.

African-based chattel slavery

A labor system that replaced indentured servitude because it was seen as more convenient, inexpensive, and efficient for the growing slave trade.

Natural rights and social contract theory

Enlightenment concepts that influenced colonial thinking regarding the monarchy and lack of representation in Parliament.

Great Awakening

A revival of religious fervor in the colonies that included the development of 'New' versus 'Old' Lights.

Bacon’s Rebellion

An event cited as evidence of colonial tension and the evolving identity and political thought in the British North American colonies.