Vertebral column + thoracic cage

Bones in the vertebral column

7 cervical vert., 12 thoracic., 5 lumbar vert., 1 sacrum, 1 coccyx

Vertebral column pneumonic

Can Traffic Last Seven Centuries, 712 511

Bones in the rib cage

12 ribs on each side (24 total), 3 in sternum

Functions of vertebral column

Support, protection, movement, nutrient store

Superior articular facet

Tilt medially, let vertebrae articulate with each other

Superior articular process

Carries superior articular facet

Spinous process

Posterior ridge that goes down the vertebrae

Vertebral body

Big chunky main bit

Inferior articulate process

Articulates with superior articulate process

Transverse process

Bony bits that stick out laterally

Vertebral foramen

Big hole, protective passage for spinal cord

Zygapophyseal joint

Joint between superior/inferior articular processes (synovial, plane)

Cervical-specific features

Transverse foramen

Thoracic-specific features

Inferiorly-projecting spine

Lumbar-specific features

Robust, short, stumpy spine. Large round body

Sacrum holes

Sacral foramina

Sacrum orientation

Ends project anteriorly

Parts of the sternum

Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid process

Parts of the rib, curving posterior to anterior

Head, neck, articular facet on tubercle, angle of rib, costal groove (medial side, shaft,

Inspiration

Up and out

Expiration

Down and in