Fliwering Plant Transport & Reproduction

What is dichogamy in plants?

A plant's male and female reproductive parts mature at different times to prevent self-pollination.

What is dioecy?

A condition where male and female flowers occur on different plants.

What is herkogamy?

A mechanism where reproductive parts are physically separated to decrease the risk of self-pollination.

What is self-incompatibility?

A biological mechanism that often chemically prevents self-fertilization.

What are three primary seed dispersal methods?

Wind, animals, and water.

What is the function of the cotyledon?

It is the embryonic seed leaf that supplies nutrients to the seedling.

What is the function of the plumule?

It is the embryonic shoot that develops into the first plant stems.

What is the radicle?

The embryonic root.

How do xylem move water up a plant?

Water is pulled up the tree by molecules sticking together through cohesion tension.

What is the function of guard cells?

Opening or closing the stomata in response to ABA.

Why do tree leaves change color in autumn?

Chlorophyll starts to break down, causing carotenoids to be exposed, and some trees increase anthocyanin production causing leaves to look red.

Diffusion

Movement from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

Facilitated Diffusion

Diffusion where proteins assist the movement of molecules.

Active transport

Moving nutrients from a low concentration to a high concentration.

Proton Pump

The mechanism that creates active transportation.

Cohesion tension

Water molecules bonding together enabling transportation in the xylem.

Root pressure

Ion accumulation in the xylem resulting in excess water.

Guttation

Water formed at the leaves from root pressure.

Turgor pressure

Pressure from water keeping the leaves strong and increasing photosynthesis.

Abscission

Leaf shedding.

Scarification

Breaking dormancy by seeds interacting with rough surfaces.

Stratification

Breaking dormancy by seeds interacting with cold or moisture.

Vivipary

Seeds germinating even when attached to its parent tree.