Unit 2 APAAS

Ladinos

Africans familiar with Iberian culture who journeyed with Europeans during early explorations of the Americas.

Atlantic creoles

Africans who worked as intermediaries before chattel slavery, possessing familiarity with multiple languages and cultural practices.

Chattel slavery

A form of slavery where individuals are treated as personal property that can be bought and sold.

Middle Passage

The second part of the journey for enslaved Africans, involving their transport across the Atlantic Ocean under horrific conditions.

Henry Highland Garnet

An abolitionist who actively fought for the rights of Black people and opposed slavery.

Fugitive Slave Acts

Laws that allowed for the capture and return of escaped enslaved people in the United States.

Partus sequitur ventrem

A law determining that a child's legal status is based on that of the mother, codifying hereditary slavery.

Dred Scott decision

A landmark Supreme Court case that ruled African Americans were not citizens and had no rights.

Underground Railroad

A covert network of individuals who helped enslaved people escape to free territories.

Juneteenth

A holiday commemorating the announcement of the abolition of slavery in Texas, celebrated on June 19th.

Maroons

Formerly enslaved Africans who escaped and formed free communities, often in hidden locations.

Stono Rebellion

An early slave uprising in South Carolina where enslaved individuals sought sanctuary in Spanish Florida.

Fort Mose

The first sanctioned free Black town in what is now the United States, established in Spanish Florida.

Sengbe Pieh

A Mende captive who led a revolt aboard the slave ship La Amistad in 1839.

Radical resistance

The strategy advocating for the overthrow of slavery through direct action, including violence.

Slave narratives

Literary accounts that document the experiences of formerly enslaved people, aiming to advance the cause of abolition.

Abolition

The movement to end slavery and emancipate enslaved individuals.

Emancipation Proclamation

An executive order by President Lincoln that declared the freedom of slaves in Confederate-held territory.

Free Black population

Individuals of African descent who were not enslaved and lived in the United States.

Gullah

A creole language developed by enslaved Africans in the Carolinas, combining elements from African and European languages.