IFR Ground Stage 3

MIA

Minimum IFR Altitude, not charted

1,000 feet above the highest obstacle within a horizontal distance of 4 NM from the course; [mountains] 2,000 feet above the highest obstacle within a horizontal distance of 4 NM from the course;

LF/MF Routes

Low freq/Medium freq; Hardly exist

MEA

Minimum Enroute Altitude

The lowest published altitude between radio fixes that ensures acceptable navigational signal coverage along the entire route segment and meets obstacle clearance requirements.

MOCA

Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude

*Shown with asterisk

The lowest published altitude between radio fixes on VOR routes, off-airway routes, or route segments that meets obstacle clearance requirements for the entire route segment, but ensures acceptable navigational signal coverage only within 22 nautical miles of a VOR.

OROCA

Off Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude

An off-route altitude that provides 1,000 feet of obstacle clearance in non-mountainous areas and 2,000 feet in designated mountainous areas within a specific quadrangle, but does not guarantee signal coverage from ground-based navigation aids.

MAA

Max Authorized Altitude

The highest altitude or flight level authorized for a usable IFR route segment, designated to prevent interference between ground navigation signals operating on the same frequency.

MRA

Minimum Reception Altitude (shown by flag)

The lowest altitude at which an intersection can be determined using ground-based navigation aids.

MCA

Minimum Crossing Altitude (flag with X)

The lowest altitude at which a fix must be crossed when proceeding in the direction of a higher minimum en-route IFR altitude.

MTA

Minimum Turning Altitude

The lowest altitude at which an aircraft can turn to navigate a segment, providing vertical and lateral clearance from obstacles and terrain within the turn area.

MVA

Minimum Vectoring Altitude (not charted)

The lowest altitude at which air traffic controllers can issue radar vectors to IFR aircraft while maintaining required obstacle clearance

VOR COP

VOR Changeover Point

Where pilot must change nav freq to prevent loss of guidance/signal

What separation does ATC provide IFR?

5 miles laterally, 1k feet vertically, (2k feet if above FL290)

RNAV MEA

Charted in blue

TERPS

Terminal Instrument Procedures

Prescribe standardized, safe methods for designing and evaluating instrument flight procedures (IFPs) for IFR operations

Guidelines for making safe approaches

Except when necessary for takeoff or landing or unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, the minimum altitude for IFR flight is

1,000 feet above the highest obstacle over terrain; 2000 feet over highest obstacle in mountains

What is the lowest altitude you can turn (without takeoff mins)?

400ft

What standard climb gradient do IFR procedures use?

200ft per nm