Intro to Comm Exam #2

Cord-cutters vs. Cord-nevers

People who had cable tv and then got rid of it for streaming services vs. the people who never had cable and has only had a streaming service. (Compared to digital natives vs. digital immigrants)

Matthew B. Brady

19th century photographer acclaimed for his Civil War images and portraits of famous people. In civil war images, he would arrange the dead bodies to show how gruesome war is.

Lumiere Brothers Films

They had the technology to produce mesmerizing films, and people were captivated by it, but their films had zero plot. (Ex. if we were to have a camera time lapsing people walking in/out of a building)

Time Shifting

recording video or audio for later viewing or listening -- we can view whenever we want to.

Place Shifting

Accessing stored media from different locations -- we can view/watch anywhere

Interactivity

measures advertising effectiveness by counting visitor interactions with the target ad, including time spent viewing the ad, number of pages viewed, and number of repeat visits to the advertisement (just the interaction between the media outlet and us)

User Interface

the inputs and outputs that allow a user to interact with a piece of software. (keyboard, keypad on phone, apple pen, etc.)

Bandwidth

The amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time

Broadband

A high-speed Internet connection that determines how much data you can bring in

Virtual Reality

A computer-simulated environment that is a simulation of a completely different world

Augmented Reality

the viewing of the physical world with computer-generated layers of information added to it (Ex. Snapchat filters)

Social Media

websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social interaction and networking through technology.

"Publish, then filter"

Publishing everything without filtering. Newspapers would filter out stories and information because publishing. Social media allows people just to post whatever.

Agenda Setting

the power of the media to bring public attention to particular issues and problems -- what media and news is pushed out

Monologic and Dialogic Communication

Monologic and dialogic communication represent two opposing approaches to how people or organizations exchange information.

monologic communication

communication in which one party attempts to impose its view on others

dialogic communication

conversation in which parties remain in the tension between holding their own perspective while being profoundly open to the other

5 fundamental areas in which people's media habits are changing

- Choice

- Conversation

- Curation

- Creation

- Collaboration

Privacy Issues

Concerns regarding personal data protection. Has become more relevant with the rise of social media.

Produsers

audiences who are no longer simply consumers but also produce content

Reputation/Ratings/Trust

- Although traditional brands still largely retain their meanings, trusting information from unknown sources more difficult

- Ratings systems that rank usefulness of reviews or comments help us make decisions

- Word-of-mouth marketing: marketing takes place among customers through discussions with one another

Pseudo-events

events staged specifically to attract media attention, particularly the news (Ex. press conferences)

Objectivity

treating facts without influence from personal feelings or prejudices

Associated Press

World's largest news-gathering organization; a nonprofit and a cooperative owned by member newspapers. Brough along truth and accuracy.

Yellow Journalism

Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

Hutchins Commission Report

Took place in 1947;

- We as public have the right to know what's going on with our tax money/dollars.

- They have obligations to tell us that by the constitution

Fairness

Free from bias, dishonesty, or injustice

Balance

The practice of presenting different views, perspectives, or sides of a story in a fair, equitable, and unbiased manner.

Beat

A single, fundamental unit of action, dialogue, or timing that represents a moment of change, a pause, or a building block of a narrative.

6 categories of News/News Values

Timeliness - is it current

Impact - what effect does this have on audience

Proximity - space (how far is it away)

Conflict - conflict? idk?

Oddity/Novelty - unusualness/weird things

Prominence - importance of event

Pulitzer/Hearst

rival newspaper publishers who used yellow journalism to sell papers

Earned Media

a category of promotional tactic based on a public relations or publicity model that gets customers talking about products or services

Rhetoric and Persuasion

Presenting good arguments, in realistic situations, to audiences of typical citizens.

Three models of Persuasion

- Logos (through logic)

- Pathos (through emotion)

- Ethos (through ethics/credibility)

4 PR Historical Figures

- Barnum

- Lee

- Bernays

- Page

Pitch

Presenting idea

Difference between paid/earned/owned Media and which is associated with public relations

Paid - buying ads (Ex. Arkansas Bride magaize; on back, Low's Bridal has an ad on the back cover, which they pay thousands of dollars to the publication company because they think it will boost their bridal store)

Owned - Social Media Websites (personal platforms on snapchat, instagram, TikTok, etc.)

Earned - Make pitch to media outlet to earn media coverage (PR) -- can also talk about content creators earning PR packages from companies

**Earned media is associated with public relations