Anatomy Exam 3

Sternoclavicular Joint

Scapulathoric Interface

Acromioclavicular Joint

Glenohumeral Joint

Shoulder Joint consists of:

• _______________

• _______________

• _______________

Type of joint:

• _______________

• _______________

Shoulder Joint consists of:

• Head of Humerus

• Glenoid fossa of scapula

• Clavicle

Type of joint:

• Synovial

• Ball and socket

Planes of abduction/adduction & flexation/extension

Glenohumeral Joint Supportive Structures

• Glenoid labrum

• Joint capsule

• Ligaments

• Muscles

  • Rotator cuff

  • Deltoid

  • Pectoralis major / minor

Glenohumeral Joint Supportive Structures → Glenoid Labrum

Glenoid Labrum

• Ring of fibrous cartilage

• Deepens joint

Shoulder Ligaments & Function

Label + joint type

Where is the Sternoclavicular Disc aka Articular Disk?

3 Sternoclavicular Joint Ligaments

2 Acromioclavicular Joint Ligaments & injury types

Scapulothoracic Joint Movements

• Frontal Plane:

• Transverse Plane:

• Sagittal Plane:

Scapulothoracic Joint Movements

• Frontal Plane: Upward / downward Rotation, Elevation / Depression

  • Up/down: Axis of Rotation is Anterior to Posterior

• Transverse Plane: Protraction (abduction) / Retraction (adduction)

• Sagittal Plane: Upward / Downward tilt

  • Upward tilt: When inferior angle pops up/off the ribs

  • Downward tilt: When inferior angle pushes down & in

  • The inferior angle is the reference

Force couple

Clavicular Movements & reference points

Frontal Plane:

• Upward swing/Downward swing aka elevation/depression

• ref: acromial end

Transverse Plane:

• Forward swing/Backward swing aka protraction/retraction

• ref: acromial end

Sagittal Plane:

• Anterior rotation/Posterior rotation

• ref: superior surface

Humero-scapular Rhythm

• The shoulder joint can move alone for the first (#) degrees.

• Then, the ________ ________ moves with the shoulder joint movement to increase the overall movement of the arm.

Humero-scapular Rhythm

• The shoulder joint can move alone for the first 60 degrees.

• Then, the shoulder girdle moves with the shoulder joint movement to increase the overall movement of the arm.

Movements of the Shoulder Joint and Girdle

Elbow Joint

• Bones:

• Movements:

• Joint Type:

• 2 Joints:

Elbow Joint

• Bones: Humerus, Ulna, Radius

• Movements: Flexion, Extension, Hyperextension

• Joint Type: Synovial joint - hinge

• 2 Joints: Humeroulnar, Humeroradial

Label 3 Bones & 2 Joints

Carrying Angle

10-25 degree of lateral orientation (not a perfect vertical position) of ulna and radius relative to humerus

• Evolutionarily thought to help with carrying, so things aren’t hitting our thigh

Elbow Joint Ligament

Elbow Joint Ligament

Radio-Ulnar Joint Movement

Supination: Cupped upward (holds soup)

• Radius & Ulna are side by side

Midposition: Neutral

Pronation: Upside-down cup

• The radius crosses over the ulna (x shape)

• Ulna stays in place as radius rotates around

Annular Ligament

Where is the Annular Ligament

AL

Where are the biceps Brachii proximal attachments?

3 Radio-Ulnar Joints + Types

3 Radio-Ulnar Joints:

• Proximal – synovial - pivot

• Middle – fibrous

  • Interosseus membrane

• Distal – synovial - pivot

Extensor Retinaculum

Order of Nerve Components

Randy: roots

Travis: trunks

Drinks: divisions

Cold: cords

Beer: branches

Category, ID, Action

Category, ID, Action

Category, ID, Action

Category, ID, Action

ID, Action

ID, Action

ID, Action

Vertebral Column

• ___ vertebrae

  • ___ cervical

  • ___ thoracic

  • ___ lumbar

• ___ sacrum

• ___ coccyx

• ___ TOTAL

• 24 vertebrae

  • 7 cervical

  • 12 thoracic

  • 5 lumbar

• 5 sacrum

• 3-5 coccyx

• 33 TOTAL

Vertebral Curves

Primary curves

• _____

• _____

Secondary

• _____

• _____

Primary curves

• thoracic

• sacral

Secondary

• cervical

• lumbar

Lordosis & kyphosis balance eachother out

• Lord: Inward curve

• Kyph: Outward curve

Vertebral/trunk Movements

Sagittal:

• Flexion

• Extension

• Hyperextension

Frontal:

• Lateral flexion right

• Lateral Flexion

Transverse plane:

• Rotation right

• Rotation left

Vertebral/trunk Movements

Sagittal:

• Flexion: bending to touch toes

• Extension: standing back up

• Hyperextension: bending backwards

Frontal:

• Lateral flexion right: take right hand and slide it down right side

• Lateral Flexion left: take left hand and slide it down left side

Transverse plane:

• Rotation right: Twist shoulders right

• Rotation left: Twist shoulders left

C1 and C2 Movements:

Atlas & Axis Movements:

Vertebral Articulations

• Two types of joints:

1. Synovial joints

   • Gliding

   • 50 joints!!

2. Cartilaginous joints

   • intervertebral discs

   • annulus fibrosus (outside)

   • nucleus pulposus (inside)

Annulus Fibrosus

Slipped or Herniated Disc

Discectomy

Discectomy (also called open discectomy) is the surgical removal of nucleus pulposus

Anterior & Posterior Longitudinal Ligaments

Both run down the length of the spine (opposite sides)

Ligament ID and Action

Interspinous Ligaments

• limit forward flexion

Ligament ID & Action

Intertransverse (Costotransverse)

• Lateral flexion

Thoracic Cage components

•Twelve Pairs of ribs

•1-7 true ribs

•8-12 false ribs

•11-12 floating ribs

Muscles of the Vertebral Column

• Anterior Category:

• Posterior Category:

• Ant: Abdominal muscles

• Pos: Deep Back muscles

Costovertebral Joints

•Ribs 1-10, bodies & transverse processes (40)

•Ribs 11-12, bodies (4)

Costochondral and Sternocostal Joints

• Costochondral:

  • Ribs 1-10

  • Cartilaginous joints

• Sternocostal:

  • Rib 1 - cartilaginous

  • Ribs 2-7 - synovial