Examen Dos - Introducción del Español Idiomatico
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50 Terms
acabar
synonym for terminar
basic use: to end, to finish
acabar + con = to finish off
acabé con la leche
acabarse = to run out of
se nos acabó el dinero
se acabó = it’s over/ I’m out of it
what you want to buy is out of stock
acabar + de = to have just
acabo de comer (I had just eaten)
in imperfect means to had just done something
acababa de comer cuando llegaste
amanecer
basic use: to dawn
Cómo amaneciste? - how did you sleep?
Amaneció muerto - he woke up dead (he died in his sleep)
andar
basic use: to walk, go around,
Pedro anda gritando tu nombre
Pedro is going around shouting your name
to hang out or to hang around
ya no ando con ellos
por dónde andas?
where are you?
ándale!
get a move on!
that’s fine
goodbye
ándale pues
have a nice day
to run/to work
Qué tal anda tu coche
antojar
antojarse is the usual form
basic use: to long for/to desire earnestly/ to feel like
an antojo = craving or urge
se me antoja una pizza
I’m craving a pizza
Porque no se me antoja
I don’t feel like it
bajar
basic use:
to go down
to put down
to get off
to go downstairs
to get out of a car (or any vehicle)
to lose weight (bajar de peso)
to get something down (me baja la maleta, por favor?)
bájale = turn it down (usually referring to volume)
can also mean slow down
caber (irregular)
basic use:
to fit
to fit into/onto
NOT used for clothing
present tense
quepo
cabes
cabe
cabemos
caben
Quepo yo?
will I fit?/ is there room for one more
cabe decir
it’s worth mentioning
no cabe duda
there’s no doubt
caer
basic use:
to fall
to drop (when caerse)
caer bien/caer mal
used to express likes and dislikes
to drop in on
te caigo en la tarde (I’ll drop in on you in the afternoon)
yo form = caigo (everything else is normal)
sometimes used to suggest that someone’s arrival was not only unexpected but also unwelcome
cambiar
basic use:
to change
to make change
me puede cambiar un billete de a veinte? (can you give me change for a 20)
cambiar de idea/cambiar de opinión - to change one’s mind
cambiar de ropa - to change one’s clothes
cambiar de casa - to move
coger
basic use:
VULGAR in most places (means to fornicate)
but very common in Spain
to get
to take
to grab
tomar is a good substitute in anywhere but Spain where coger is fine
present tense
cojo (everything else is normal)
conocer
basic use:
to know
to be familiar with
use conocer for proper nouns and all specific people, places and things and saber for everything else
to meet (but only for the first time)
Lo conocí en Paris (I met him (for the first time) in Paris)
for chance encounters use encontrar instead (I ran into my friend at the mall)
use recibir for meeting a plane or a train
use “quedar en verse con” for planned get together
creer
basic use:
to believe
to think (use creer instead of pensar - pensar is more the action of thinking)
stating a personal belief or opinion
Qué crees?
guess what?
Créeme
trust me
Tú crees?
you really think so?
Ni creas
Don’t expect
no way
Creo que sí/ creo que no
cuidar
basic use:
to care for
care for the kids
Cuídate
take care of yourself
slang meaning: take it easy
to watch over/ to keep an eye on something
like your luggage in an airport, your wallet in your pocket
Me puede cuidar la maleta unos minutos?
dar
basic use:
to give
to hit
dar en el blanco
to hit the bull’s-eye
to guess right
dar en la torre
physical beatings/ metaphorical beatings
le dieron en la torre
they beat the pants off them (as in the context of a sports game)
Dále
hit it (or someone)
as in like in a boxing match or something
Dále duro!
give it your best!
give ‘em hell!
dar a la calle
to face the street (or anything else)
da igual or da lo mismo
it’s all the same to me
it doesn’t matter
dar coraje
to make mad
dar (la) lata
to pester
to be a pain
to ask what’s on (like TV)
dar chance
to give a break
darse cuenta de
to realize
darse por vencido
to give up
to surrender
decir
basic use:
to tell
to say
querer decir
to mean
no me digas
you don’t say
dime
tell me
yes
Qué decías?
what were you saying?
Dile que venga
tell him to come here
as a command takes the subjunctive
dile que estamos aquí
as a fact, it takes the indicative
dejar
basic use:
to leave
to let
déjenos entrar
let us in
as opposed to entremos
let’s go in
déjame en paz
leave me alone
déjalo
leave it
drop it
déjame ver
let me see
disfrutar
basic use:
to enjoy
have fun with yourselves
take pleasure in yourselves
Que lo disfruten
in reference to a specific event
if you want to say enjoy yourselves - use divertirse instead
dormir
basic use:
to sleep
dormirse
to fall asleep
sleep as a noun is sueño
durar
basic use:
to ask how long things take
to last
used for things that have a specific duration
echar
basic use:
to kick out
forcible casting out
expulsion
buses echan smoke
teachers echan students
to pour (liquid from a container to another)
echar de menos a
to miss someone
echar a perder
to spoil
echar ganas
to show enthusiasm
echar una mano
to lend a hand
échame la mano
gimme a hand
echar un ojo
to have a quick look
echar la culpa
to blame
encargar
basic use:
to entrust
to commission
to take charge
to be in charge of
encargar + de: to put someone in charge of something
to entrust
te encargo unas aspirinas?
can you get me some aspirins
to order
to count on
se lo encargo mucho
i’m really counting on you
equivocar
equivocarse = to make a mistake
can also use estar equivocado
equivocar + de = to get something wrong
esperar
basic use:
to hope
to wait
in both of these uses, esperar takes the subjunctive
esperar + a = to wait for (usually someone)
Espérese, por favor (or espérete)
wait a minute
hold on
estar
basic use:
to be
A qué estamos hoy?/ A cuántos estamos?
what’s today’s date?
answer to above question is.. Estamos a + numero
estamos a 25
estar + de = moods and inclinations
el está de malas = he’s in a bad mood
estrenar
basic use:
to use or display something for the first time - to debut
voy a estrenar la camisa que me regalaste - I’m going to wear the shirt you gifted me (for the first time)
un estreno
premiere
opening night
debut (for an artist)
guardar
basic use:
to guard
to save
to hold onto something
to put something away
when you give someone something to keep for you until you need it again
Me los guardas?
can you hold onto these for me?
Guárdalo
put it away
guárdame un poco
save a little for me
Me guarda la maleta
keep an eye on my suitcase/put my suitcase away
haber
basic use:
there is/there are or phrased as a question are there?
hay/no hay
hay que
to have to (impersonal)
imperfect = había
preterit = hubo
something that was there all at once or not for long
DON’T use habían or hubieron for there were even if there were multiple people
hablar
basic use:
to talk, to speak
Él/ella habla
this is he/she speaking
hacer
basic use:
to make
to do
to talk about the weather
hace frío/calor/viento/sol
to say ago
hace dos años
hace un rato
a little while ago
lo hicimos!
we did it!
ya la hicimos!
we’ve got it made!
hazte de cuenta
pretend
let’s say
hacerse
to become
to make like or act like
no te hagas tonto
don’t play stupid
no te hagas la víctima
don’t play the victim
no te hagas!
cut it out!
don’t gimme that (bs)
ir
basic use:
to go
no te (change for person) vayas
don’t go…
used for the future
voy a llamar…
used in imperfect to mean i was going to do something
vamos a
let’s
irle a
to root for
ir por
to go get
to go for
ahí te va
catch
your turn
vaya
all right
omg
vaya, vaya, vaya
well, well, well
vaya + noun
sarcastically saying some (guy)
lograr
basic use:
to manage
NEED TO USE WITH ANOTHER VERB IN THE INFINITIVE
logré reparar la tele
llevar
basic use:
to carry
to take
to bring
to wear
to have on
(Cuánto tiempo lleva aquí?) if someone asks how long have you been here the answer is…
llevo + the number + meses (años, días) aquí
llevo dos días en cama (I’ve spent two days in bed)
llevarse
to get along
no me llevo con ellos
to take (something after u pay for it)
me llevo dos
i’ll take two
llévatelo
take it
to take along
me llevo un suéter por si hace frío
mandar
basic use:
to send
to order (as in the kind authority figures give)
when you use mandar with another verb it means…
to send out for
to have done
mande?
what?
you called?
meter
basic use:
to put something in
to go inside
vamos a meternos
let’s go inside
to get in a car
métete al coche
meterse
to get involved with
to get mixed up with
no te metas
don’t get involved
meterse en líos
to get mixed up in problems
yo no me meto
I’m not getting involved in this
notar
basic use:
to notice
to feel
to be aware of
notarse
something shows
you can see that something…
se nota
yeah i can see that
i figured
Se te nota
one notes that in you
parar
basic use:
to stop
dónde para el tren?
where does the train stop?
párale
stop it
cut it out
Pararse
to stand up
parado
standing up
Párate que nos vamos
get up, we’re going
use reflexive pararse to say something is stopping unassisted
el coche se paró (the car stopped - maybe like it broke down or something)
use parar to say that something is stopping something else
paré el coche (I stopped the car)
parecer
basic use:
to seem
qué te parece?
what do you think?
te parece?
is that okay with you?
no me parece
I don’t like it
me parece bien
fine with me
parecerse
to look like
to resemble
me parezco a mi madre - I take after my mother (at least in looks)
parece que
to look like/ to look as it
parece que va a llover - it looks like it’s going to rain
pasar
basic use:
to happen
to pass
what’s on (the tv for example)
qué estan pasando en el 8?
qué pasa/o?
greeting (paso)
can also imply something is normal or abnormal (pasa)
pasar con
to happen to
to become of
Qué pasa + indirect object pronoun (me, te, le, nos, les)
what’s (my, your, his, etc) problem?
what’s the matter with you?
pasarse + de = to go too far
se pasó de listo
was too clever/ too sneaky
to get carried away
pasarse + adjective can be negative or positive
pedir
to ask for
to order
THINK: indirect commands and the subjunctive
pídele que se vaya (ask him to leave)
pedir permiso
to ask permission
pedir perdón
to apologize
pedir informes
to ask for information
pedir ayuda
to ask for help
pedir prestado
to borrow
es más fácil pedir perdón que pedir permiso
it’s easier to ask for forgiveness than permission
pensar
to think (more the action of thinking, pondering)
pienso que debes irte - it’s my feeling that you should go
creo que debes irte - you should probably go
pensar + infinitive
to plan on
to intend
pienso irme mañana
pensar + en
to think of
to have in mind
pensar + sobre
to think about
to consider
pensar + de
to think of (in the sense of an opinion)
pensándolo bien
on second thought
sin pensar
without thinking
unintentionally
poder
to be able
poder + con = to handle or to deal with
to tolerate
no puede ni consigo mismo
he can’t even stand himself
se puede?
may I?
puede ser
could be
maybe
i think this is if you think the answer is actually maybe
puede ser + subjunctive
i think this is more like if you think but are not sure but most signs point to yes
prestar
to lend
préstame tu pluma - lend me your pen
me prestas…?
can i borrow…?
to pay attention
prestarse - to lend oneself
quedar
to stay
to remain
aquí me quedo = I’m staying here
quédate aquí = stay here
to have left
sólo me quedan treinta dólares
quedarse
to keep
Quédese con el cambio (keep the change)
to take
me quedo con el azul (I’ll keep the blue one
quédatelo = keep it
me quedé en blanco
I ended up blank
I froze
I spaced out
En qué quedamos?
what’s the agreement then?
quedar bien/mal
to end up well (or badly) with someone
bien - to get on someone’s good side
to fit
use with indirect object pronouns (me, te, le, etc)
to describe locations
Perdón, dónde queda la plaza?
Excuse me, where is the plaza
queda cerca - is close
queda lejos - is far
querer
to like
to want
quisiera - I’d like
con querer - on purpose
sin querer - on accident
repetir
to repeat
to burp
romper
to break intentionally
rompí el vaso tirándolo contra la pared
romperse
to break on accident
se me rompió el vaso cuando lo estaba lavando
the glass broke (on me) when I was washing it
romper con
to break up with (as in romantically)
saber
again conocer with proper and specific nouns and saber with everything else
exception is the names of languages which use saber
frequently followed by infinitives - conocer never does this
sabes qué?
know what?
no sé
I don’t know
quién sabe?
who knows?
de haberlo sabido
if I had only known
Un sabelotodo
a know-it-all
yo qué se
what do I know
don’t ask me
que yo sepa
as far as I know
to taste (how something tastes to you)
La sopa sabe bien
the soup tastes good
seguir
to follow
to continue
to keep (on)
common formula = seguir + infinitive
can also mean “still”
sigo enfermo = I’m still sick
síguele = keep it up
quién sigue? = who’s next?
cómo sigues? = how are you getting along?
implies that someone has been sick or is afflicted with some sort of trouble
sentir
to feel
used with direct objects
things you feel
sentirse
used with adjectives
how you feel
siento asco = I feel nauseous
if you need to explain something further: add haber + past participle + drop the lo
siento haber llegado tarde - sorry I’m late
siento mucho no haber podido ir - I’m very sorry I couldn’t go
ser
to be
for permanent states
the way things are
telling things like it is
de quién es? - whose is it?
de qué es? - what is it made of?
cuando sea, donde sea, - any
(la, el) que sea
what brand of beer do you want
la (marca) que sea - whichever you want
cuando sea - anytime
servir
to serve
to work (as in to function)
no sirve mi teléfono
para qué sirve - what is it used for/ what good is it
en qué le puedo servir - may I help you?
sírvase - help yourself