Period 4

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Napoleon wanted $ to fight Britain, and sold territory for $15 mil.

• Resulted in doubled US land, no foreign pressure on borders, Lewis + Clark explorations, more trade routes + free Miss. River, & controversial Jeff presidential purchase: was it constitutional?

Judicial Review

The SPC would exercise the power to decide whether an act of Congress or of the President was allowed by the Constitution—> could now over-rule actions of the other 2 branches of the federal government —> Checks + Balances

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

British naval attacks that killed 3 Americans, provoking some to call for war and resulted in the Embargo Act.

Embargo Act (1807)

an act that forbade American trade with foreign nations in attempt to get Britain to stop attacking American ships

• it backfired: US economy suffered WAY more than the British did. Merchants + shipbuilders hit hard, started a NE movement

Marshall Courts

SPC cases led by Chief Justice John Marshall founded the SPC powers over the other branches and the states to keep their power in check, such as: judicial review, SPC’s jurisdiction over state courts, and reestablished federal institutions + power over the states power.

Battle of the Thames + Natives in war

Native peoples joined the British side of war in an attempt to defend further American encroachment on their land, led by Chief Tecumseh, who was killed in this battle. An American victory in this battle ultimately ended the Native fight against American expansion

Treaty of Ghent

Treaty made when American’s realizes they were never going to have a decisive victory (or have Canada) & Britain wanting peace in Europe = end of war (stalemate)

Hartford Convention

NE states in the middle/end of the war came together to talk about the opposed war (it was having a negative effect on their economy of trade) & proposed constitutional amendments, and even 1 mention of succession.

-Dissolved after Andrew Jackson’s success in south.

Florida Purchase treaty (1819)

General Jackson + Monroe made a military campaign for Florida:

Spain, preoccupied with South America decided to give US Oregon territory + Florida in exchange for US territorial claims of Texas

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Document that asserted US principles that the American continents that are free and independent countries, should be left alone by European powers → no more colonization, US would come to their defense, US only going to war if US rights are invaded or threatened

Tariff of 1816

The first in US history to be a protective tariff rather than revenue based to protect growing American manufacturers.

American System

A plan with 3 main goals of stitching the American economy together: protective tariffs, national bank, and internal improvements.

Panic of 1819

An economic disaster that occurred after 2nd Bank of US tightened credit in an effort to control inflation

• Resulted in state banks closed, unemployment, bankruptcies, imprisonment for debt ⬆, hit the west the hardest (speculation for new land = debt), nationalistic beliefs were shaken

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Admitted Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and prohibited slavery in the rest of Louisiana Territory north of the latitude 36-30.

• Created an immense amount of sectionalism and ended Era of Good Feelings. A physical boundary between north + south.