Bones/Joints/Muscle 1

The word “osteo” relates to…

Bone

The word “arthro” relates to…

Joints

What does the orthopedic branch of medicine focus on?

Diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal diseases

What four things make up the axial skeleton?

Skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

Bone functions in mineral storage and moblilization, especially for which mineral?

Calcium

What is the organic component of bone?

Osteoid

What is the inorganic component of bone?

Hydroxyapatite (calcium and phosphorus)

What is the job of osteoblasts?

Form bone matrix

What is the job of osteoclasts?

Resorb mineralized bone matrix

What do the terms lamellar and woven describe?

Maturity of bone

What is the fiber orientation of lamellar bone?

Parallel

What is the fiber organization of woven bone?

Random

Is lamellar bone mature or immature?

Mature

Is woven bone mature or immature?

Immature

Describe lamellar bone.

• “Stable” state

• Physically resistant

Describe woven bone.

• Remodeling state

• Allows body to adapt/heal

_______ bone is eventually replaced by ________ bone, the end goal.

Woven; lamellar

Most bones develop via _______________ ossification.

Endochondral

What do endochondral bones form from?

Cartilage

Endochondral ossification occurs at…

Growth plates

What are the steps to endochondral ossification?

Cartilage → osteoid → mineralization → woven bone → lamellar bone

What is a pathologic fracture caused by?

Underlying bone abnormality → increases susceptibility to fracture

What are four examples of pathologic fractures?

• Osteopenia and osteoporosis

• Osteomyelitis

• Neoplasia

Name the fracture type: clean break (two parts)

Simple

Name the fracture type: breaks into many parts

Comminuted

Name the fracture type: causes break in skin

Compound

Name the fracture type: periosteum is still intact

Greenstick

Name the fracture type: ligament pull at bone insertion

Avulsion

Name the fracture type: underlying disease

Pathological