Lab Midterm 2 (Labs 8-13)

positive

S. aureus and S. epidermidis are both gram-_____ cocci.

salt

S. aureus and S. epidermidis can tolerate high _____ environments.

MSA

What type of agar can S. aureus and S. epidermidis grow on?

coagulase

causes clotting of the fibrin in our blood

FALSE

T/F: S. epidermidis can ferment mannitol.

TRUE

T/F: S. aureus can ferment mannitol.

positive

What are the results of this catalase test?

negative

What are the results of this catalase test?

alpha hemolysis

What kind of hemolysis is this?

beta hemolysis

What kind of hemolysis is this?

gamma hemolysis

What kind of hemolysis is this?

negative

Are the YELLOW wells of the API20E test positive or negative?

positive

Are the BLUE wells of the API20E test positive or negative?

7

What is the maximum score PER TRIPLET on an API20E test?

0

For an API20E test, a lack of color change in a well indicates a score of...?

1

For an API20E test, a color change in the first well of a triplet indicates a score of...?

2

For an API20E test, a color change in the second well of a triplet indicates a score of...?

4

For an API20E test, a color change in the third well of a triplet indicates a score of...?

antiseptic

a substance that destroys micro-organisms that carry disease without harming body tissues; can be ingested

disinfectant

a chemical substance that kills harmful bacteria or viruses on inanimate objects

zone of inhibition

the region around a chemical-saturated disc, where bacteria are unable to grow due to adverse effects of the compound in the disc

bacteriocidal

Agents that kill bacterial cells are considered _____.

bacteriostatic

Agents that inhibit bacterial growth are considered _____.

pasteurization

the process of treating a substance with heat to destroy or slow the growth of pathogens

autoclaving

method of sterilization using steam under pressure and kills endospores

antibiotics

medications that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria

susceptible

(antibiotic resistance) a large zone of inhibition, no bacterial growth surrounds the antibiotic disk

resistant

(antibiotic resistance) a very small (if any at all) zone of inhibition

minimal inhibitory concentration

the lowest concentration of drug that inhibits growth and reproduction of pathogen

plasmid

What is this?

circular

What shape are plasmids?

origin of replication

the site on a plasmid where the replication of a DNA molecule begins

insert

the gene you want bacteria to express

selectable marker

helps to indicate whether the host cell contains foreign DNA; examples: antibiotic resistance or color change

promoter

specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription

primer binding site

allows you to replicate the plasmid in the lab, before insertion into the cells

GFP

a protein that glows or fluoresces green under UV light

ELISA

also known as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a blood test used to screen for specific proteins

antigen

a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies

antibodies

proteins that attach to antigens, keeping them from harming the body

S. aureus

Which skin microbiota species produces coagulase?

streptococcus

Strep throat is caused by which kind of bacteria?

enteric

What kind of bacteria does the Enterotube test for?

shorter

With radiant energy, the _____ the wavelength, the higher the energy.

X-rays and gamma rays

What 2 types of radiant energy have the shortest wavelengths and the highest energy levels?

multiple cloning sites

contains several restriction enzyme sites, allowing for the plasmid to be cut open to insert the gene of interest

# of plaques/volume plated*dilution

plaque assay formula

# of colonies/volume plated*dilution

cell count formula

coenocytic

when fungi hypha are not divided

septate

when fungi hypha are divided

physical control

(of bacteria) involves changing the temperature, applying pressure, or subjecting bacteria to UV radiation to deter bacterial growth

chemical control

(of bacteria) involves chemicals, such as disinfectants, antiseptic and antibiotics

physical barrier

first line of defense in the immune system; consists of the skin and mucus membranes

innate immunity

second line of defense in the immune system; inflammation response; NOT SPECIFIC

adaptive immunity

last line of defense in the immune system; makes antibodies to tag/remember the pathogens; SPECIFIC AGAINST A PATHOGEN