Neonatal and Juvenile Ruminant Diarrhea II + Misc Non-infectious Dz

What does Cryptosporidium most likely affect?

Dairy calves in wet climates

What is transmission of Cryptosporidium?

Fecal-oral - malabsorptive diarrhea

What age does Cryptosporidium affect calves?

4-35days

-Adults asymptomatic in cattle over 4m

Cryptosporidium is more devastating in what animals?

Lambs 3-7M

-Calves have high morbidity and low mortality

How is Cryptosporidium dx?

Acid fast

PCR/ ELISA

-Lambs diff to tx

How is Cryptosporidium Tx?

Symptomatic tx

NSAIDS,

Fluids

ABX - 2ndary infections

What are control mechanisms for Cryptosporidium?

Don't use same fields for calving/ lambing

Change fields yearly

Move Newborns to clean pastures immediately

What are the typical signs of Cryptosporidium?

Diarrhea

Ill thrift

Tenesmus/ Bruxism

Inappetance

What type of coccidia is most common in large animals?

Eimeria spp...

What ages are most commonly affected by Coccidia?

Goats/ Lambs -> 4-8w

Why do we see coccidia in older lambs?

Pre-patent periods of coccidia is 15-20 days -> must mature inside host

How is coccidia infectious, and where does it commonly damage?

Fecal-oral from adults

-Villous atrophy in low small intestine (cecum& colon)

How is coccidia dx?

Fecal float w/ multiple samples

Why might an adult goat w/ coccidia have a fecal count that is low or negligible?

Shedding is intermittent

What are tx for coccidia?

Sulfadimethoxine - albon

Amprolium

Monensin - cattle

What are side effects of Amprolium?

Thiamine antagonist - polioencephalomalacia

What is a possible side effect of coccidia in goats?

Rectal prolapse

What is the most common cause of neonatal diarrhea in beef and dairy cattle?

Rotavirus

What is a common co-infection w/ Rotavirus?

Corona virus

When are large animals most commonly infected w/ rotavirus?

7-14 days -> fecal oral route from adults

What are clinical signs of Rotavirus/ coronavirus?

Depression

Reumbancy

-SEVERE metabolic acidosis

What is dx of Rotavirus?

PCR - should send in 4 calve samples.

If you have a heard of calves w/ diarrhea and adults w/ respiratory dz what agent are you suspecting?

Corona virus

How and when are most animals infected w/ Coronavirus?

5-20 Days

-Resp/ Oral

Where does Coronavirus most commonly cause damage?

Distal half of villi in large and small intestines

-Osmotic D due to increased lactate production -> 2ndary bacterial growth

Which pathogen causes more damage, coronavirus or rotavirus?

coronavirus

What are risks of developing rotavirus and coronavirus?

Colostrum issues

Calves from markets

Dirty calving boxes

Poor hygine practices

In the face of an of coronavirus/ rotavirus outbreak what should be done?

Vaccinate preg cows

What is a common cause of rectal prolapses in sheep?

Short tail docking

How is rectal prolapse tx?

Caudal epidural

Lavage and reduce

Purse string

Amputation if severe

If you suspect an umbilical hernia, what should you check for first?

Umbilical infection