The Normal Ear - SDL

What are the 6 techniwies for assessing a patient for ear disease..

• Physical examinsation of outer easr

• general clinical exam..

• Otoscopy

• Video- otoscopy

• Imagaging: Radiograph, Mri,

What cranial nerves supplies the inner ear..

Cranial nerve 8 supplies the inner ear.. may affect 5 and 7 possibly 10…

What are the signs of clinical ear disease..

• branches of facial and vagl nerve.. Post gng of cervical sympathetic trunk. joins

Symptoms of the middle ear infection..

• horners syndrome

• involuntary eye movement..

• head tilt

• abnormally constricted pupil/.

What are important bone structures that we should know..

• Temporal bone

• tympanic bulla

• zygomatic provess of the temporal bone

• exxternal acoustic meastic (running of CN 😎

Sections of the skulll ear relavent

• ext ac

What can you see on video otoscopy

- Tympanic membrane
- Ear canal
- Ceruminous glands
- Manubrium of mallus
- Pars flaccida
- Pars tensa
- Bulla septum
- Annulus
- Umbo

What is otitis and the 3 types

IT means ear inflammation..

What is primary ottitis externa..

NON infections, e,g, allergy/ emdocrine issue causing inflammation. Something causing inflammation.. in the external ear + predisposes to infection

e.g. Atopic dermatitis

Secondary ear ottis infection..

Pathogen in ear causing inflammation in ear.. e.g. psuedomonas

What is predisposing skin ottis externa..

things that puts ears at a higher risk of infection and increases infection, e.g. lop eared rabbits..

What is a perpetuating ottis externa

factors which are preventing the ottis externa from perpetuating.. e.g. hyperplasia or changes to the tympanic membrane..

WHat are some disadvangted of PCR techniques + bacterial culture…

• PCR limitiatino = liited to a panle of selective microbes

• bacterial culturs only 1% of bacteria is culturable..

Next gen - DNA sequncing

• sequenced by a larger catagory of microbrial organisms..

• large advancements including sequencing the pathogens that are present in the ear.. Reducing pathogens and overgrowth of particular organism, shows important to interrept microbrial dindings..

COmmon gut micrombiome

• reduction ofdiversity in the ottis externa, because one particular oathogen has taken over so less room for others

What bacteria are commonly isolated in ear infection sequencing..

• psuedomonos

• staphylococus

DYsbiosis defintion..

gs, dysbiosis means an imbalance in the normal composition, diversity, or function of the gut microbiome, which can contribute to digestive issues and, in some cases, ear problems such as recurrent infections…

What is the most effective way too prevent the recurrence of dysbiosis after treatment of a secondary infecction…

• Identify underlyinig issue..

• d antimicrobial therapy with long‑term maintenance regimens that address all predisposing, primary, and perpetuating factors

• treat primary causae check perpetuating and predisposiions are under control