W2 Medical Billing & Coding

Cell membrane

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.

Nucleus

Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.

Chromosomes

Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes.

Cytoplasm

All of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.

Mitochondria

Mitocare small rod-shaped bodies that provide the principal source of energy for the cell

Endoplasmic reticulum

Manufacture proteins for the cell

Ribosomes

Ribosomes arrange amino acids on the endoplasmic reticulum to make proteins

Sperm cell

Espermatozoide - 23 chromosomes

Egg cell

Óvulo - 23 chromosomes

Karyotype

photograph of an individual’s chromosomes, arranged by size, shape, and number

Anabolism

Process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids

Catabolism

Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released

Muscle cell

Contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing

Epithelial cell

May be square and flat to provide protection

Nerve Cell

It’s long and have various fibrous extensions that aid in its job of carrying impulses

Fat cell

Contains large, empty spaces for fat storage

Histologist

Scientist who specializes in the study of tissues

Hist/o

Tissue

Organs

Groups of different tissues

Systems

Groups of different organs

Pharynx

Faringe

Gallbladder

Vesícula Biliar

Urethra

Uretra

Voice box

Larynx = Laringe

Windpipe

Tráquea

Lungs

Pulmones

Womb

Uterus = Útero

Testes

Testículos

Penis

Pene

Pituitary Gland

Glándula Pituitaria

Adrenal Glands

Glándulas Suprarrenales

Parathyroid Glands

Glándulas Paratiroides

Spinal Cord

Médula Espinal

Blood Vessels

Vasos Sanguíneos

Lymphatic Vessels and Nodes

Vasos y Ganglios Linfáticos

Spleen

Bazo

Thymus Gland

Timo

Sweat Glands

Glándulas sudoríparas

Sebaceous glands

Glándulas sebáceas

Adipose Tissue

Collection of fat cells

Cartilage

Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints

Viscera

Internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen

Thoracic cavity

Lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta

Two parts: Pleural cavity and Mediastinum

Pleural cavity

Double membrane that surrounds the lungs and protects them

Pleural effusion

Pleural inflamed, the cavity may fill with fluid

Mediastinum

Contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and many lymph nodes

Cranial Cavity

Brain, pituitary gland.

Peritoneal cavity

Abdominal cavity contains the stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

Two parts: Peritoneum and diaphragm

Diaphragm

Muscular wall; divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities.

Moves up and down and aids in breathing.

Peritoneum

Double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

Pelvic cavity

Rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters; uterus and vagina in the female and portions of the small and large intestine

Spinal cavity

Nerves of the spinal cord

Ascites

Disease of the abdominal organs, fluid may accumulate in the peritoneal cavity

Ventr/o

Belly = Barriga

Skull

Cráneo

Backbone

Columna vertebral

Disc

Disco

Spinal cavity

Cavidad espinal

Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants

9

Right hypochondriac region [1]

Right upper region below (hypo-) the cartilage (chondr/o) of the ribs that extend over the abdomen

Left hypochondriac region [2]

Left upper region below the rib cartilage

Epigastric region [3]

Region above the stomach

Right lumbar region [4]

Right middle region near the waist

Left lumbar region [5]

Left middle region near the waist

Umbilical region [6]

Region of the navel or umbilicus

Right inguinal region [7]

Right lower region near the groin (inguin/o = groin), which is the area where the legs join the trunk of the body. This region also is known as the right iliac region because it lies near the ilium (the upper portion of the hip bone).

Left inguinal region [8]

Left lower region near the groin. Also called the left iliac region.

Hypogastric region [9]

Middle lower region below the umbilical region.

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

Contains the liver (right lobe), gallbladder, part of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestines

Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

Contains the liver (left lobe), stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestines

Right lower quadrant (RLQ)

Contains parts of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter

Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Contains parts of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter

Cervical spine

Neck region. There are seven cervical vertebrae (C1 to C7)

Thoracic spine

Chest region. There are 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1 to T12). Each bone is joined to a rib.

Lumbar spine

Loin (waist) or flank region (between the ribs and the hip bone). There are five lumbar vertebrae (L1 to L5).

Sacral spine

Five bones (S1 to S5) are fused to form one bone, the sacrum.

Coccygeal spine

The coccyx (tailbone) is a small bone composed of four fused pieces.

Anterior [1]

Front side of the body = Lado anterior del cuerpo

Posterior [2]

Back side of the body = Parte posterior del cuerpo

Deep [3]

Away from the surface = Lejos de la superficie

Superficial [4]

On the surface = En la superficie

Proximal [5]

Near the point of attachment to the trunk = Cerca del punto de unión al tronco

Near the beginning of a structure = Cerca del inicio de una estructura

Distal [6]

Far from the point of attachment to the trunk = Lejos del punto de unión al tronco

Far from the beginning of a structure = Lejos del inicio de una estructura

Inferior [7]

Below another structure = Debajo de otra estructura

Superior [8]

Above another structure = Encima de otra estructura

Medial [9]

Pertaining to the middle = Relativo a la parte media

Nearer the medial plane of the body = Más cercano al plano medial del cuerpo

Lateral [10]

Pertaining to the side = En relación con el lado

Supine [11]

Lying on the back = Tumbado boca arriba

Prone [12]

Lying on the belly = Tumbado boca abajo

Planes of the Body

3

Frontal / Coronal Plane [1]

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

Sagittal / Lateral Plane [2]

Lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides

Transverse (axial) plane [3]

Horizontal (cross-sectional) plane running across the body parallel to the ground

Cervic/o

Cervix

Chondr/o

Cartilage

Chromo/

Color

Lumb/o

Lower back =

_somes

bodies