Urinary System Blood Pressure and Fluids

K+ and Na+ move in __________ directions of one another.

Na+ drives the movement of many substances across membrane and pulls _______ with it

K+ and Na+ move in opposite directions of one another.

Na+ pulls water with it - water will move in the direction of Na+ as long as membrane allows both.

blood pressure low → body ______ water and sodium → increased BV and BP

blood pressure high → body ________ water and sodium → decreased BV and BP

BP low → body retains water and sodium to increase BV and BP

BP high → body removes water and sodium → decreased BV and BP

the RAAH mechanism is stimulated by ____ ______ ________. The ultimate outcome is to raise what three things?

low blood pressure. wants to raise BV, BP, and vascular resistance

these cells detect the amount of stretch (BP) of the arteriole. if stretch is low, they will start secreting renin

Juxtaglomerular cells of the JGC

these cells monitor the Na+ concentration of the filtrate in the DCT.

macula densa cells of the JGC

if _____ concentration is low, Macula Densa cells stimulate the juxtaglomerular cells to secrete ______

Na+ low → MD cells tell JG to secrete renin

once the juxtaglomerular cells of the JGC secrete renin, renin converts the plasma protein ___________ (produced by the ______) into angiotensin 1

angiotensinogen from the liver → angiotensin I

angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) produced by the ______ converts what into what?

angiotensin converting enzyme produced by the lungs converts angiotensin I → angiotensin II. don’t overthink that.

after angiotensin is converted from I to II by ACE, it stimulates the _______ _______ to secrete more ____________

angiontensin II tells the adrenal cortex to secrete more aldosterone

more aldosterone is secreted by the _________ _________, then it binds to the __________ at membranes of the DCTs and CDs of the nephrons.

aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal cortex, then binds to receptors at DCTs and CDs of nephrons.

the binding of __________ to its nuclear receptors increases the synthesis of _____/____ ________ and other Na+ transport proteins, which increases what?

aldosterone to receptors increases Na/K+ pumps and other Na+ transport proteins.

This increases Na+ reabsorption into blood, and K+ secretion into the filtrate.

name the 3 effects of angiotensin II

1. vasoconstriction to increase BP

2. aldosterone release (increases na+ absorption and water follows, increases BP)

3. ADH release to increase water absorption

basically the raas system really wants to na+ and water so it can increase BP>

what balance does sodium regulate? what 3 things control it?

osmotic; ADH, aldosterone wants more Na+ reabsorption, and ANP is the one that inhibits it.

what is potassium important for as far as bodily function goes? it’s a major intercellular ion.

important for nerve and muscle function.

chloride (CL-) is a major anion in _____________, follows _______ movement

major anion in ECF; follows sodium movement hence sodium chloride

calcium is stored in ________ and regulated by what 2 things

bones; PTH and calcitonin

magnesium is important for _______ function and _______ contraction

enzyme; muscle

renin is released by the

kidney

the primary regulator of Na+ is _____, and two others are

ADH, others are aldosterone and ANP