Marine Bio - Unit 2
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21 Terms
What percent of the Earth is covered by ocean?
70%
What is the average depth of the sea floor?
4km or 4000m
Deepest and shallowest
Pacific, Arctic
Four large ocean basins
Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic
Continental shelf
Connected to the continent. 8% of the ocean floor. Most productive portion of the ocean. Wider on the Atlantic side
Continental slope
Steeper gradient
Continental rise
Between the continental slope and the ocean floor
Abyssal Plains
The flattest part of the Earth
Abyssal Hills
Small hills on the abyssal plains
Seamount
Underwater volcanoes
Trenches
Deepest part of the ocean
Guyots
Flat topped seamounts
Ridges
Mountain ranges with the ocean
Rifts
Cracks that are found by ridges
What forms the mid ocean Ridge
New seafloor is formed. Material rises from below, pushing up on the ocean crust
What is caused by the water seeping down through the rifts?
Hydrothermal vents
7 major plates
North American, Eurasian, African, Pacific, Indian Australian, South American, Antarctic
Convergent → ←
Ex: Himalayas
Divergent ← →
Ex:, Mid Atlantic Ridge (seafloor spreading)
Subduction
Ex: Mariana trench (old seafloor is destroyed)
Transform
Ex: San Andreas Fault (site of earthquakes)