ANS 120 AEXAM 1

Animal science

is the science and business of producing domestic livestock species, including beef cattle, dairy cattle, horses, poultry, sheep, and swine.

Eructation

The elimination of gases, specifically carbon dioxide and methane, produced during fermentation in ruminants

Rumen Degradable Protein (RDP)

The fraction of feed protein that is digested by microbes in the rumen into ammonia

Amylase

Which enzyme, found in both saliva and the pancreas, is responsible for the enzymatic digestion of starch?

Commensal Pathway

In which domestication pathway does an animal move into human areas and later develop a partnership, such as with dogs and cats?

Crop

Site for the moistening and storage of food before digestion.

Flight Zone

behavioral concept used in handling; entering this area causes the animal to move away.

Directed Pathway

A domestication process where humans deliberately set out to domesticate a species, such as horses.

Point of Balance

Handling concept located at the animal's shoulder, used to control their forward or backward movement.

Previous

Wild animal

An animal living in a natural, undomesticated state.

Criteria for Domestication Temperment

A prerequisite for domestication is that animals have a docile nature and a lack of aggressive instincts.

Esophageal Groove

A groove present in young ruminants that allows milk to bypass the rumen, avoiding fermentation.

Tame

Animal relatively tolerant of human presence is described as

Feral

An animal whose ancestors were once domesticated but have since reverted to living in a wild state?

Abomasum

the true glandular stomach in the ruminant

Macro-minerals

Minerals required in the diet in relatively large amounts, typically expressed as a percentage or g/kg.

Absorption

The process by which digested nutrients cross gastrointestinal membranes.

VFAs

primary end products of microbial fermentation in the rumen that are absorbed across the rumen wall into the blood stream?

Domestication

The process of adapting an animal or plant to life in intimate association with and to the advantage of man

Prey pathway

humans take action to enhance resource yield or predictability, leading to the domestication of most herbivores and pigs.

Rumen Undegradable Protein (RUP)

The fraction of feed protein that escapes microbial digestion in the rumen and reaches the small intestine.

Gross Energy (GE)

The total energy content of a feed is determined using a bomb calorimeter.

Enlarged Colon

What is the primary site of microbial digestion in 'colon fermenter' non-ruminant herbivores like horses

Guaranteed analyses

section on a U.S. animal feed label must list the minimum percentages of crude protein and crude fat.

Structural (fiber) and Non-structural(starch)

Carbohydrates are broadly classified into two categories

Duodenum, Jejunum and ileum.

The three distinct segments of the small intestine are the

Mastication

involves the cutting, tearing, and grinding of food in the mouth.

Animal Science Specialties: Genetics

The science of heredity as it relates to animal breeding.

Water Soluble Vitamins (B-complex)

Which category of vitamins cannot be accumulated in the body and are primarily excreted in the urine?

Reticulum

acts as a collection site for heavy objects and helps guide food back up for re-chewing (honey comb pattern)

Prehension

grasping of food with teeth, lips, tongue, etc.

Hind gut fermenters

herbivores that digest plant fiber using microorganisms in the large intestine and cecum

net energy

Energy used for maintenance and production towards reproduction, growth etc., after losses from feces, urine, gas, and heat.

maintenance

refers to the nutrient requirements needed to support basic vital functions before any are used for production or physiological work.

Proventriculus

The glandular stomach in birds is where chemical digestion begins, similar to the monogastric stomach.

Carnivore

organism that obtains energy by eating animals

Omnivore

An animal that eats both plants and animals

Herbivore

organism that obtains energy by eating only plants

Non-structural Carbohydrates

A broad classification of carbohydrates that primarily includes starches and sugars.

Abomasum

The true glandular stomach in the ruminant involves chemical digestion with HCl and pepsin.

Vitamin B12

Essential for human health found only in animal foods naturally

Metabolic water

Water obtained through the oxidation of nutrients within the body

Gizzard

thick-walled muscular pouch below the crop in many birds and reptiles for grinding food

Ad Libitum

A feeding or watering method where the resource is made available at all times.

Cloaca

The shared exit site for the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts in avian species

Bile

le

A substance produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder that emulsifies (breaks down) fats in the small intestine

Omasum

The compartment of the ruminant stomach is characterized by omasal leaves or laminae, that functions to retain water and electrolytes

Herbivore Digestive System

A digestive system classification based on a diet consisting mainly of cellulose and starch

three primary Volatile Fatty Acids:

Acetate, propionate, and butyrate.

Duodenum

continue breaking down food coming from the stomach and start absorbing vital nutrients.

Jejunum and ileum

Absorption in the small intestine