SLP Praxis Chapter 9 Motor Speech Disorders and Dysphagia

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering motor speech disorders (dysarthrias and apraxia of speech) and dysphagia evaluation and management techniques from Chapter 9.

Dysphagia

A swallowing disorder involving impaired execution of the oral preparatory, oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases of the swallow.

Esophageal Achalasia

A condition characterized by the failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax, preventing food from passing into the stomach and causing it to stay in the esophagus; often found in young females and confused with eating disorders.

Ataxic Dysarthria

A motor speech disorder resulting from damage to the back lower portion of the head, characterized by slurred speech, imprecise consonants, distorted vowels, slow rate of speech, excess and even stress, and clumsy or uncoordinated motor movements.

Hypokinetic Dysarthria

The specific motor speech disorder characteristically associated with Parkinson's disease.

Flaccid-Spastic Dysarthria

The mixed dysarthria subtype that results from Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Apraxia of Speech

A neurogenic speech disorder characterized by normal strength, tone, and range of movement of oral and pharyngeal muscles, accompanied by trial-and-error groping, impaired volitional speech, and awareness of speech errors.

Chorea

Purposeless, random, and involuntary movements of body parts associated with hyperkinetic dysarthria.

Premature Spillage Over the Base of the Tongue

A swallowing disorder of the oral phase characterized by bolus escape prior to swallow trigger, distinct from disorders of the pharyngeal phase.

Dysarthria

A speech disorder associated with muscle weakness or paralysis that can present with symptoms such as forced inspirations and expirations interrupting speech.

Broca's Area

The cortical region in the brain where lesions are frequently associated with the development of apraxia of speech.

Masako Maneuver

A dysphagia rehabilitative technique considered an exercise that must not be performed with food.

Supraglottic Swallow Maneuver

A swallowing technique where the patient holds food in the mouth, takes a deep breath and holds it after initiating a slight exhalation, swallows while holding the breath, and coughs immediately following the swallow.

Mendelsohn Maneuver

A swallowing technique in which the patient is educated about laryngeal elevation, palpates the elevation during a saliva swallow, and is taught to hold the laryngeal elevation during swallowing for progressively longer durations.

Subtotal Glossectomy

A surgical procedure in which more than $50\%$ up to $100\%$ of the oral tongue is resected along with the removal of a portion of the tongue base.

Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSIMP)

A standardized protocol utilized to improve the validity and reproducibility of the modified barium swallow examination.

Ultrasound Examination (Swallowing)

An instrumental swallowing assessment tool that can measure oral tongue movement and hyoid movement.

Electromyographic Assessment (Swallowing)

An instrumental swallowing evaluation conducted by attaching electrodes to target structures, such as oral, laryngeal, or pharyngeal muscles.

Laryngeal Examination (Swallowing)

An examination conducted with indirect laryngoscopy or endoscopy to inspect the base of the tongue, vallecula, epiglottis, pyriform sinuses, vocal folds, and ventricular folds.

Esophageal Phase Swallowing Disorders

Dysphagia impairments involving the esophageal phase that are handled exclusively through medical treatment.

Traumatic Brain Injury Cognitive-Communication Symptoms

A constellation of deficits following TBI without cerebellum, brainstem, or peripheral nerve damage, including dysarthria, confused language (e.g., confabulation), auditory comprehension deficits, confrontation naming problems, verbal perseveration, pragmatic language problems, and reading and writing difficulties.