05 - Scope of Community Development - Practices and Ideological Basis p.1

Q: What are the three traditional forms of CD practice?

Technical Assistance, Conflict Approach, and Self-Help Approach.

Q: What is the fourth, more recent form of CD practice?

The Therapeutic Approach.

Q: What defines the Technical Assistance approach?

Expert-driven, top-down delivery of technical programs assuming scientific solutions and relying on Western knowledge.

Q: What is a major limitation of the Technical Assistance approach?

It patronizes communities, creates dependency, and ignores local knowledge.

Q: What is the core idea of the Conflict Approach?

Power must be taken, not given; focuses on confronting forces blocking community solutions.

Q: Why does the Conflict Approach often create tension?

It fosters suspicion among those with formal power.

Q: What is the main goal of the Self-Help Approach?

Encouraging cooperation, participation, inclusion, and sustainability through community-led processes.

Q: What characterizes the Therapeutic Approach?

Healing-centered development using group processes, communal living, and social environments as therapeutic tools.

Q: Why is the Therapeutic Approach important in Indigenous communities?

It addresses trauma caused by harmful development practices and supports recovery before development.

Q: What are Top-Down Deficit-Based Approaches (DBAs)?

Needs-driven, expert-led interventions focusing on community weaknesses and deficiencies.

Q: What is a major consequence of DBAs?

They create client-communities dependent on outsiders and undermine local capacity.

Q: How do DBAs shape community identity?

They reinforce negative stereotypes that communities internalize.

Q: What are Bottom-Up Assets-Based Approaches (ABAs)?

Strength-based, participatory, inside-out approaches emphasizing community assets, empowerment, and sustainability.

Q: What is the philosophical foundation of ABAs?

Communities possess everyday wisdom, skills, and capacities that must be mobilized.

Q: What is the central goal of ABAs?

Building local opportunity through active engagement, capacity building, and empowerment.

Q: What does the Strength-Based Approach emphasize?

Assets, opportunities, abilities, capacities, and relationships within the community.

Q: What is the purpose of asset mapping?

Identifying and connecting community resources for mutual problem-solving.

Q: What are the four major asset categories in ABCD?

People, Voluntary Associations, Formal Institutions, and Physical Resources.

Q: What is the Community Capitals Framework?

A model identifying seven capitals shaping community vitality: natural, cultural, human, social, political, financial, and built.

Q: Define Natural Capital.

Quality and quantity of natural and environmental resources.

Q: Define Cultural Capital.

Values, norms, beliefs, traditions, and historic material goods.

Q: Define Human Capital.

Education, skills, leadership, and learning opportunities.

Q: Define Social Capital.

Connections among people and organizations; networks inside and outside the community.

Q: Define Political Capital.

Ability to influence rules, access decision-makers, and engage civically.

Q: Define Financial Capital.

Monetary resources available for development.

Q: Define Built Capital.

Infrastructure such as facilities, roads, and physical structures.

Q: What is “spiraling up” in the capitals framework?

Strengthening one capital boosts others, creating upward community development momentum.

Q: What is the purpose of resource mapping?

To identify and detail community strengths and connect gifted individuals and associations.

Q: What is needs mapping?

Identifying problems and weaknesses in a community.

Q: What is social capital according to Bourdieu?

A resource gained through social obligations, connections, and networks that can be transformed into economic gains.

Q: What is community social capacity?

The extent to which community members can work together effectively.

Q: What does community building involve?

Creating connections among residents and establishing positive patterns of behavior based on mutual responsibility.