Developmental Disabilities Midterm

What were the origins of ID/DD beliefs?

-demon possession

-sins and misdeeds of ancestors

-warnings or signs from the Gods

-influence of the solar system

Critical disability movement of 1990

-activist wanted congress to pass the Americans with disabilities act

-the movement was organized by grassroots disability rights organization (ADAPT)

AAIDD defnition of con’t

characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills

APA DSM-V definition of con’t

impairments of general mental abilities that impact adaptive functioning in 3 domains (conceptual, social, practical)

developmental disability

91st US congress and passage of the developmental disabilities services and facilitates construction amendments of 1970

Deinstitutionization movement

-seen in the developmental disabilities assistant and bill of rights act amendments in 2000

-DD are severs, lifelong disabilities that attribute to mental and physical impairments manifested before age 22. they result in substantial limitations in 3 or more of these categories:

1. independent living

2. economic self-sufficiency

3. learning

4. mobility

5. receptive and expressive language

6. self-care

7. self-direction

3 lens to view ID/DD

1. legal: England’s poor law

2. Biomedical: regulation, licensing, and due process

3. social and human rights: critical disability theory

critical disability theory

views disability as a political and social construct shaped by power structures, rather than just a medical problem residing in someones body

nature

-toxic threats can impact prenatal, neonatal, and postnatal

-maternal factors (obesity, diabetes, age, stress), preterm deliver, birth weight, vitamin deficiencies

nurture

-environmental factors are impactful prenatal development to 3 years

-factors include events, toxic substances, social relationships, socioeconomic status, child care

teratology

study of congenital anomalies and their causes

factors that impact teratogens

1. fetal stage

2. dosage

3. fetal genotype

4. maternal genotype

PUBS

umbilical cord blood sampling, the most risky

epigenetic

change in gene activity that are not due to the actual genes

biochemical process

genetic imprinting in which genes can turn on/off

assessments

investigating and documenting the knowledge, skills, capabilities, attitudes, and beliefs of an individual

ID/DD assessments focus on:

-health and social history

-behavioral characteristics

-day-to-day environment

-interactions

5 general features of assessments

1. focus on a problem

2. gather information

3. analyze strengths, weaknesses, needs

4. identify factors that can be beneficial

5. establish agreed upon plan

assessment battery

groups of tools and measures to assess a range of behaviors, skills, attitudes, and intelligence

downsides to formal assessments

location, hours, cost, eligibility (IQ 70-85)

multidisciplinary assessments

combines assessments to create a well rounded reprt

diagnosis

the conclusion from an assessment and is a formal statement identifying a condition that impacts personal characteristics, intellect, development, and behavior

2 types of diagnoses

classification and primary

Diagnosis aligns with this organized and standard criteria

-american psychiatric association (APA)

-diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)

-international classification of diseases (ICD)

challenges with diagnosing

-location

-timeline

-individual characteristics

-policies

-regulations

-clinical opinion

diagnosis discretion

-whether or not to assign a formal diagnosis by a professional or not

-decisions are made on an individual basis on these factors (accessibility, self-perception, stigma, co-occuring conditions)

interventions

methods aimed at taking intentional action to support individuals and improve their lives and well-being

assessing an intervention

-focused

-clear objectives

-acceptable methods

-continual evaluation

-smooth termination process

-available follow up

types of interventions

-activity focused

-age related

-communication

-education and training

-health and medicine

-lifestyle and personal support

-personal skills development

services/ supports

any available resources and institutions that have a central goal of helping others

self-Advocacy

social movement lens and as a set of necessary skills

Century and the Passive of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in 1990

enabled individuals with disabilities to exercise civil rights

grassroots organization (ARC) 1974

-group of individuals with ID/DD attended professional conference

-challenged that professionals outside the community were making decisions for the community

-nothing about us without us

Federal Education for all handicapped children act of 1975

evolved into IDEA, every state must have free public education, cannot be restrictive in nature

Legal Guardianships

-parent/ trusted adult are the decision makers for the individual

-3x # of guardianships in the US since 1995

supported decision making (SDM)

give control back to the individual with ID/DD

skills of self-advocacy

-knowledge of self

-knowledge of rights

-communication of self and rights

-leadership

physiological impactful factors on mental health

-support systems

-social skills

-coping skills

organic impactful factors on mental health

-genetic influences

-brain trauma

-trauma

-disease

-etiological differences

environmental impactful factor on mental health

-home environment

-access to activities

diagnostic challenges

-recognition

-communication

-lack of knowledge

-medication masking

diagnostic overshadowing

misattribution of new or existing symptoms to the primary condition when they represent and are associates with the presence of an additional co-occuring condition

ABA

method of modifying behaviors

4 key tenants to ABA

-antecedents

-behaviors

-consequences

-motivating operations

behavioral interventions support

-communication skills

-social skills

-daily living skills

-academic skills

impact of interventions

-behavior enhancement

-behavior reduction

-educational

-eco-behavioral