Start of Cardiovascular System

Vitamin K

necessary for synthesis of blood clotting factors

Vitamin K antagonists

disrupt synthesis of blood clotting factors and coagulation

Vitamin K antagonists examples

Warfarin and dicoumeral

Function of cardiovascular system

transport

Components of the cardiovascular system

Heart, arteries, and veins

Artereis

transport blood away from the heart to tissues

Veins

return blood to the heart from tissues

Heart parts

base, apex, pericardium, heart wall

Heart shape

cone shape

Base of heart

the end attached to other structures

Apex of heart

apex end of heart

Pericardium

protective membrane surrounding the heart

Layers of pericardium

parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity, visceral pericardium

Parietal pericardium

outer layer of pericardium

Parietal pericardium made of

dense irregular connective tissue

Pericardial cavity location

space between parietal and visceral pericardium

Pericardial cavity contains

pericardial fluid

Visceral pericardium made of

composed of simple squamous epithelial tissue

Layer of heart wall

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Epicardium

outer layer of heart wall

Epicardium is composed of

composed of simple squamous epithelium

Myocardium

middle layer of heart wall

Myocardium made of

cardiac muscle, thickest layer

Endocardium

inner layer of heart wall

Endocardium made of

composed of simple squamous epithelium

Heart is divided into

left and right halves, each having 2 chambers

Two chambers of heart

atrium and ventricle

Atrium

receives blood from veins

Ventricle

pumps blood into arteries

Ventricular septum

layer of myocardium between the 2 ventricles

Atrioventricular valves

separates the atria from venricles

Types of atrioventricular valves

tricuspid valve and mitral valve

Tricuspid valve

separates right atrium from right ventricle

Mitral valve

separates left atrium from left ventricle

Semilunar valves

separates ventricles from arteries

Types of semilunar valves

pulmonary valve and aortic valve

Pulmonary valve

separates right ventricle from pulmonary artery/trunk

Aortic valve

separates left ventricle from aorta

Blood flow through right side of heart

• vena cavae empty into right atrium

• blood flow through the tricuspid valve into right ventricle

• blood flows through pulmonary valve into pulmonary trunk

Blood flow through left side of heart

• pulmonary veins empty into left atrium

• blood flows through mitral valve into left ventricle

• blood flows through aortic valve into aorta

Blood vessel lining is

continuous with endocardium and made of simple squamous epithelium

Arteries branch into

arterioles

Arterioles branch into

capillaries

Capillaries branch into

tissues

Cappilaries merge to form

ventricles

Ventricles merge to form

veins

Circulatory systems

pulmonary circulation, systemic circulation, coronary circulation

Pulmonary circulation flow

circulates blood from right side of heart to lungs to left side of heart

Pulmonary circulation types of hemoglobin

carbaminohemoglobin leaves heart, oxyhemoglobin returns

Systemic circulation flow

circulates blood from left side of heart to everywhere in body except lungs to right side of heart

Systemic circulation types of hemoglobin

oxyhemoglobin leaves heart, carbaminohemoglobin returns

Coronary circulation flow

circulates blood from left side of heart to the tissue of heart to the right side of heart