synthesis reactions

Hydro halogenation

Reagents: HX

Description: gives Markovnikov addition of H and X across the alkene

Hydrobromination

Reagents: HBr , ROOR

Gives an anti-Markovnikov addition of H and Br across the alkene

Acid catalyzed hydration

Reagents: H3O+

Description: gives Markovnikov addition of H and OH across the alkene

Oxymercuration Demercuration

Reagents: 1) Hg(OAc)2, H2O 2)NaBH4

Description: gives a Markovnikov addition of H and OH across the alkene without carbocation rearrangements

Hydroboroation-oxidation

Reagents: 1)BH3, THF 2) H2O2, NaOH

Description: gives an anti-Markovnikov addition of H and OH across the alkene via exclusive syn addition

Hydrogenation

Reagents: H2 , Pt

Description: gives a syn addition of H and H across the alkene

Bromination

Reagents: Br2

Description: gives an anti-addition of Br and Br across the alkene

Halhydrin formation

Reagents: Br2 H2O

Description: gives an anti addition of Br and OH across the alkene. The OH group installs at the more substituted position

Anti Dihydroxylation

Reagents: 1) RCO3H 2) H3O+

Description: converts the alkene into an epoxide, which is open by an aqueous acid to yield a trans-diol

Syn Dihydroxylation (Permagenate)

Reagents: KMnO4, NaOH, cold

Description: gives a syn addition of OH and OH across an alkene to yield a cis-diol

Syn Dihydroxylation (Osmonium)

Reagents: 1)OsO4 2)NaHSO3, H2O

Description: gives a syn addition of OH and OH across an alkene to yield a cis-diol

Ozonolysis

Reagents: 1) O3 2) DMS

Description: cleaves the C=C bond, producing two separate compounds containing C=O bond