Medical Terminology Chapter 5 Textbook: General Anatomical Terminology

The Cardiovascular System, pp. 100 - 111

what three components does the cardiovascular system consist of

heart, blood vessels, blood

medical term meaning pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

cardiovascular

combining form meaning heart

cardi/o

medical term meaning blood vessels

vascul

the lower tip of the heart is known as the

apex

the double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

pericardium

the pericardium is also known as the

pericardial sac

medical term that means pertaining to membrane

membranous

a thin layer of pliable tissue that covers or encloses a body part

membrane

a fibrous sac that surrounds and protects the heart

parietal pericardium

found between the two pericardial layers, acts as a lubricant to prevent friction as the heart beats

pericardial fluid

the inner layer of the pericardium that also forms the outer layer of the heart (the term used in the context of naming the layers of the pericardium)

visceral pericardium

what is the visceral pericardium known as when referred to as the outer layer of the heart

epicardium

what are the three layers of the heart

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

the external layer of the heart and the inner layer of the pericardium

epicardium

the middle and thickest of the heart’s three layers

myocardium

the myocardium is also known as ______, as it consists of specialized cardiac muscle tissue

myocardial muscle

consists of epithelial tissue, the inner lining of the heart, surface that comes into direct contact with the blood as it is being pumped through the heart

endocardium

structures that supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium

coronary arteries

the two upper chambers of the heart

atria

the atria are divided by the

interatrial septum

a wall that separates two chambers

septum

singular form of atria

atrium

two lower chambers of the heart

ventricles

the ventricles are divided by the

interventricular septum

the term ventricle is also defined as a

normal hollow chamber of the brain

valve which controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle

tricuspid

term that means having three cusps

tricuspid

valve that is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

pulmonary semilunar valve

medical term that means half-moon

semilunar

valve that is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle

mitral valve

term that means shaped like a bishop’s mitre (hat)

mitral

the mitral valve is also known as the

bicuspid valve

valve that is located between the left ventricle and the aorta

aortic semilunar valve

what are the two semilunar valves

pulmonary, aortic

what are the two atrioventricular valves

tricuspid, mitral

RA

right atrium

RV

right ventricle

LA

left atrium

LV

left ventricle

the flow of blood only between the heart and lungs

pulmonary circulation

structures which carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs

pulmonary arteries

the only place in the body where deoxygenated blood is carried by arteries instead of veins

pulmonary arteries

structures which carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart

pulmonary veins

the only place in the body where veins carry oxygenated blood

pulmonary veins

the flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs

systemic circulation

the ability to pump blood effectively throughout the body

heartbeat

the rate and regularity of the heartbeat is determined by _____ from nerves that stimulate the myocardium of the chambers of the heart

electrical impulses

the electrical impulses from nerves that stimulate myocardial tissue are also known as the

conduction system

SA

sinoatrial

what structure is located in the posterior wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava and establishes the basic rhythm and rate of the heartbeat

SA node

the SA node is known as the ______ of the heart

natural pacemaker

what structure, located on the floor of the right atrium near the interatrial septum, receives impulses from the SA node and transmits electrical impulses onward to the bundle of His

AV node

AV

atrioventricular

a group of fibers within the interventricular septum that carry an electrical impulse to ensure the sequence of heart contractions

bundle of His

specialized conductive fibers located within the walls of the ventricles that relay the electrical impulses to the cells of the ventricles, which causes them to contract

Purkinje fibers

the Purkinje fibers were named for

Jan Purkyne

medical term that refers to the normal beating of the heart

sinus rhythm

NSR

normal sinus rhythm

EKG/ECG

electrocardiogram

the P wave is due to the stimulation (contraction, depolarization) of the

atria

the QRS complex shows the stimulation (contraction, depolarization) of the

ventricles

the T wave is the recovery (relaxation, repolarization) of the

ventricles

three types of blood vessels

arteries, capillaries, veins

large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to all regions of the body

arteries

term that means within an artery or pertaining to the inner portion of an artery

endarterial

blood that is bright red in color because it is oxygen-rich

arterial blood

the largest blood vessel in the body

aorta

major arteries that carry blood upward to the head

carotid arteries

carotid artery that is located on each side of the neck

common carotid artery

the common carotid artery divides into what, which brings oxygenated blood to the brain

internal carotid artery

what artery brings blood to the face

external carotid artery

the smaller, thinner branches of arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries

arterioles

the smallest blood vessels in the body, only one epithelial cell in thickness

capillaries

what percentage of fluid passes through capillaries without being absorbed by cells and continues to the venules

90

what percentage of fluid is left behind in tissues by capillaries, becoming lymph later on

10

what structures form a low-pressure collecting system to return oxygen poor blood to the heart

veins

the smallest veins that join to form the larger veins

venules

medical term that means relating to, or contained in, the veins

venous

veins have _____ that enable blood to flow only toward the heart and to prevent it from flowing away from the heart

valves

veins that are located near the body surface

superficial veins

veins that are located within the tissues and away from the body surface

deep veins

the two largest veins of the body that return blood directly into the heart

venae cavae

singular of venae cavae

vena cava

vein which transports blood from the upper portion of the body to the heart

superior vena cava

vein which transports blood from the lower portion of the body to the heart

inferior vena cava

the rhythmic pressure agains the walls of an artery caused by the contraction of the heart

pulse

the measurement of the amount of systolic and disastolic pressure exerted against he walls of the arteries

blood pressure

component of blood pressure which occurs when the ventricles contract; the highest pressure against the walls of an artery

systolic pressure

medical term that means the contraction of the heart

systole

component of blood pressure which occurs when the ventricles are relaxes, the lowest pressure against the walls of an artery

diastolic pressure

medical term that means the relaxation of the heart

diastole

liquid plasma makes up what percentage of blood volume

55

formed elements make up what percentage of blood volume

45

a straw-colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products

plasma

what percentage of plasma is water

91

plasma fluid after the blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed is known as

serum

two clotting proteins found in plasma which have an important role in clot formation to control bleeding

fibrinogen, prothrombin

the formed elements of the blood include

erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

red blood cells

erythrocytes