Slovenian Syntax: Sentence Elements and Compound Sentences

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering sentence elements (stavčni členi), compound coordinate sentences (priredno zložene povedi), and complex subordinate sentences (podredno zložene povedi).

Stavčni členi

Meaningfully rounded units composed of one or more words that make up sentences.

Povedek

The core sentence element (predicate) answering the question "Kaj kdo dela, kaj se s kom dogaja?" (e.g., "je kupila" in "Mojca je kupila kitaro").

Osebek

The sentence element (subject) answering the question "Kdo ali kaj?". It can be explicitly stated, hidden/evident from the predicate (e.g., "Pojdita domov."), or absent entirely (e.g., "Sneži.", "Dežuje.").

Predmet

The sentence element (object) answering non-nominative case questions: "Koga ali česa, komu ali čemu, koga ali kaj, (pri) kom ali čem, (s) kom ali čim?".

Prislovno določilo kraja

An adverbial modifier of place answering the question "Kje, od kod, do kod …?" (e.g., "v Avstriji" in "Mojca je v Avstriji kupila kitaro").

Prislovno določilo časa

An adverbial modifier of time answering the question "Kdaj, od kdaj, do kdaj …?" (e.g., "lani" in "Mojca je lani kupila kitaro").

Prislovno določilo načina

An adverbial modifier of manner answering the question "Kako?" (e.g., "Brez finančne pomoči staršev" in "Brez finančne pomoči staršev je Mojca kupila kitaro").

Prislovno določilo vzroka

An adverbial modifier of cause answering the question "Zakaj?" (e.g., "Zaradi igranja v glasbeni skupini" in "Zaradi igranja v glasbeni skupini je Mojca kupila kitaro").

Priredno zložene povedi

Compound coordinate sentences composed of two or more grammatically equal clauses (enakovrednih stavkov), where each clause could stand on its own as an independent sentence.

Vezalno priredje

A coordinate clause relationship expressing sequence (zaporedje) or simultaneity (hkratnost) using conjunctions such as "in", "ter", or "pa", written without a comma.

Stopnjevalno priredje

A coordinate clause relationship expressing gradation (stopnjevanje) using conjunction pairs like "ne samo - ampak tudi" or "ne - ne", with a comma written only between "ne samo" and "ampak tudi".

Ločno priredje

A coordinate clause relationship expressing choice or mutual exclusion (izbira, izključevanje) using conjunctions like "ali", "ali - ali", or "bodisi - bodisi", written without a comma.

Posledično priredje

A coordinate clause relationship expressing consequence (posledica) using the conjunction "zato", written with a comma.

Sklepalno priredje

A coordinate clause relationship expressing a logical deduction or conclusion (logičen sklep) using conjunctions like "torej" or "zatorej", written with a comma.

Protivno priredje

A coordinate clause relationship expressing contrast or opposition (nasprotje, neskladje) using conjunctions such as "a", "ampak", "pa", "temveč", "toda", or "vendar", written with a comma.

Pojasnjevalno priredje

A coordinate clause relationship expressing explanation, proof, or justification (pojasnilo, dokaz, utemeljitev) using conjunctions like "saj", "kajti", or "in sicer", written with a comma.

Podredno zložene povedi

Complex sentences composed of two or more unequal clauses (neenakovrednih stavkov) separated by a comma; the main clause has no conjunction and cannot be questioned directly.

Osebkov odvisnik

A subject clause answering "Kdo ali kaj + povedek glavnega stavka?", most frequently introduced by conjunctions "kdor", "kar", "kdo", or "da".

Predmetni odvisnik

An object clause answering case questions combined with the predicate of the main clause, most frequently introduced by conjunctions such as "kar", "da", "kogar", "kdaj", "če", or "kaj".

Časovni odvisnik

A temporal subordinate clause answering "Kdaj, od kdaj, do kdaj + povedek glavnega stavka?", most frequently introduced by conjunctions "ko", "kadar", or "medtem ko".

Krajevni odvisnik

A locative subordinate clause answering "Kje, od kod, do kod + povedek glavnega stavka?", most frequently introduced by conjunctions "kjer" or "kamor".

Načinovni odvisnik

A manner subordinate clause answering "Kako + povedek glavnega stavka?", most frequently introduced by conjunctions "kot (da)", "kakor (da)", or "ne da".

Vzročni odvisnik

A causal subordinate clause answering "Zakaj + povedek glavnega stavka?", most frequently introduced by the conjunction "ker".

Namerni odvisnik

A purpose/final subordinate clause answering "Čemu + povedek glavnega stavka?", most frequently introduced by the conjunction "da (bi/bo)".

Pogojni odvisnik

A conditional subordinate clause answering "Pod katerim pogojem + povedek glavnega stavka?", most frequently introduced by the conjunction "če".

Dopustni odvisnik

A concessive subordinate clause answering "Kljub čemu + povedek glavnega stavka?", most frequently introduced by conjunctions "kljub temu da", "čeprav", or "četudi".

Prilastkov odvisnik

An attributive subordinate clause answering "Kateri + samostalnik iz glavnega stavka?", most frequently introduced by "ki" or "kateri"; if inserted (vrinjen) into the main clause, it requires two commas.