Heart + Blood Circulation

right heart circulation type

pulmonary

left heart circulation type

systemic

atria

receive incoming blood and fill ventricles

ventricles

pump blood out of heart

aorta

descends out of L ventricle --> sends blood to body

aorta splits into

ascending arteries & abdominal aorta

hepatic portal vein

moves blood straight from digestive tract -> liver

artieries

move blood away from the heart

veins

move blood back to the heart

artieries vs veins

arteries = away from heart; veins = towards heart

inferior and superior vena cava

bring blood from body into R atrium

flow (equation)

flow = Δpressure/resistance

resistance (equation)

resistance = (8viscositylength)/(𝛑*radius^2)

high hematocrit (consequence)

blood too viscous -> too much resistance -> not enough flow

velocity

distance blood travels over time

flow rate

amount of blood passing through a point over time

velocity vs flow rate

velocity describes movement of the blood itself, flow rate describes blood through a given vessel

velocity depends on

total cross-sectional area of that level of vessels

total cross-sectional area of capillaries vs aorta/venae cavae

capillaries >>> aorta/venae cavae

velocity in capillaries vs aorta/vena cavae

slow in capillaries, fast in aorta/venae cavae

velocity (equation)

velocity = flow rate / resistance

flow across a resistance causes

a pressure drop

apex

bottom of heart where ventricles meet

heart wall components (in -> outermost)

endocardium, myocardium, visceral pericardium (epicardium), pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium

epicardium

visceral pericardium; layer outside of myocardium

endocardium

thin layer of tissue lining inside of heart

myocardium

heart muscle tissue

pericardium

membranous fluid filled sac --> lubrication for contraction

interventricular septum

separates left and right heart

AV valves

separate the atria and ventricles; prevent blood from flowing back to atria during contraction

the right AV valve is __cuspid

tri

the left AV valve is __cuspid

bi

mitral valve

bicuspid / left AV valve

when pressure is greater behind the valve, it __

opens

when pressure is greater in front the valve, it __

closes

semilunar valves

separate ventricles from major arteries to prevent backflow

pulmonary semilunar valve

separates right ventricle from pulmonary artery

aortic semilunar valve

separates left ventricle from aorta

blood flows from _ pressure to _ pressure

high to low

heart location

on the ventral side of the thoracic cavity, sandwiched between lungs

chordae tendinae

(heartstrings) connect AV valves to floor of ventricles