Bones of pectoral girdle and upper extremity

Clavicle

2 bones. the collarbone. elongated, s-shaped bone that extends b/w manubrium of the sternum and the acromion of the scapula

Acromial end, sternal end

Markings of the clavicle

Sternal end of the clavicle

(medial end). roughly pyramidal shaped and articulates w/ the manubrium of the sternum forming the sternoclavicular joint.

Acromial end of the clavicle

(lateral end). broad and flattened and articulates with the acromion of the scapula, forming the acromioclavicular joint

Scapula

2 bones. broad, flat, triangular bone that forms the shoulder blade

spine, acromion, coracoid process, glenoid cavity/fossa, superior angle, inferior angle, medial border, lateral border

markings of the scapula

Spine

ridge of bone on the posterior aspect of the scapula

Acromion

continuous with the spine. larger, flattened, posterior process. articulates w/ the acromial end of the clavicle.

Coracoid process

smaller, more anterior, hook shaped projection that’s a site for muscle attachment

Glenoid cavity/fossa

cup shaped, shallow cavity that articulates w/ the humerus. makes up most of the lateral angle.

Superior angle

located b/w the superior and medial borders

Inferior angle

positioned b/w medial and lateral borders

medial border

the edge of the scapula closest to the vertebrae

Lateral border

closest to the axilla

clavicle, scapula

Bones of the pectoral girdle

Humerus

2 bones. longest and largest upper limb bone

head, shaft, anatomical neck, surgical neck, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, intertubercular groove, deltoid tuberosity, trochlea, capitulum, coronoid fossa, radial fossa, olecranon fossa, medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle

Markings of the humerus

Head of the humerus

on the proximal end. has hemispherical head that articulates w/ the glenoid cavity of the scapula

Shaft of the humerus

long middle portion of the humerus

Anatomical neck

b/w the tubercles and the head of the humerus. almost indistinct groove that marks the location of the former epiphyseal plate

Surgical neck

narrowing of the bone immediately distal to the tubercles, at the transition from the head to the shaft. called this bc it’s a common fracture site

Greater tubercle

positioned lateral to the head and helps form the rounded contour of the shoulder

Lesser tubercle

smaller and located more medial to the head

Intertubercular groove

depression that contains the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle. b/w the 2 tubercles

Deltoid tuberosity

roughened area along the shaft of the humerus. extends along the lateral surface for abt half the length of the humerus. deltoid muscle of the shoulder attaches here

Trochlea

pulley shaped. located medially and articulates w/ the trochlear notch of the ulna

Capitulum

rounded. located laterally and articulates w/ the head of the radius

Coronoid fossa

accommodates the coronoid process of the ulna. depression on the anterior surface of distal end of humerus.

Radial fossa

a depression on the anterolateral surface of the distal end of the humerus; articulates w/ the head of the radius

Olecranon fossa

a large depression on the posterior surface at the distal end of the humerus; articulates w/ olecranon of the ulna

Medial epicondyle

small projection medial and proximal to the trochlea

Lateral epicondyle

small projection lateral and proximal to the capitulum

Radius

2 bones. forms the forearm with the ulna. located more laterally

head, neck, radial tuberosity, styloid process of the radius

Markings of the radius

Head of the radius

disc-shaped proximal end of the radius; articulates w/ capitulum of the humerus

Neck of the radius

narrow region just distal to the head of the radius

Radial tuberosity

large projection on the medial surface distal to the neck

Styloid process of the radius

small, pointed projection on the distal radius; forms the lateral aspect of the wrist

Ulna

2 bones. longer, medially placed placed of the forearm

trochlear notch, olecranon, coronoid process, radial notch, styloid process of the ulna

Markings of the ulna

Trochlear notch

a C-shaped groove on the proximal end of the ulna; articulates w/ the trochlea of the humerus

Olecranon

large projection on the proximal, posterior surface of the ulna; forms the point of the elbow and is an attachment for the triceps brachii muscle

Coronoid process

projection on the proximal, anterior surface of the ulna just inferior to the trochlear notch articulates w/ the coronoid fossa of the humerus

Radial notch

depression on the lateral, proximal surface of the ulna; articulates w/ the head of the radius

Styloid process of the ulna

pointed process on the distal ulna; forms the medial aspect of the wrist

Carpal bones

8 bones. small, short bones that form the wrist

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Names of carpal bones

Metacarpals

10 bones. 5 bones in the palm of the hand; each bone consists of a head, body, and base. Denoted w/ roman numerals I-V w/ metacarpal I located at the base of the thumb and metacarpal V at the base of the pinky.

Phalanges

28 bones. 3 of these found in each of the 2nd-5th fingers, but only 2 found in the thumb

proximal phalanges, intermediate phalanges, distal phalanges

markings of the phalanges

Proximal phalanges

the phalanx closest to the palm of the hand

Intermediate phalanges

the middle phalanx

Distal phalanges

the small, cone shaped phalanx forming the tips of the fingers

Pollex

the 1st phalanx. thumb