CLUSTER A; Odd & Eccentric Disorders

Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD): CLUSTER A — Odd & Eccentric Disorders

• Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others.
  
  

• Interprets neutral actions as malicious.
  
  

• Hypervigilant, holds grudges, Avoids telling people things.
  
  

• some difficulty in daily functioning, but it is less severe than in schizophrenia.

• No hallucinations or full delusions (reality testing intact).
  
  

• Long-standing personality pattern, not episodic.
  

Causes/ Etiology : Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD): CLUSTER A — Odd & Eccentric Disorders

• Small genetic link to schizophrenia spectrum.
  
  

• Early experiences: harsh/critical upbringing, trauma, environment perceived as dangerous.
  
  

• Cultural factors: prisoners, refugees, people with hearing impairments

Treatment; Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD): CLUSTER A — Odd & Eccentric Disorders

• Difficult due to mistrust of clinician.
  
  

• Build TRUST slowly, challenge distorted beliefs gently.
  
  

• Focus on coping skills rather than confrontation.
  

High-Yield Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD): CLUSTER A — Odd & Eccentric Disorders

→ Think suspicious + interprets hidden meaning + no psychosis.
→ Difference: Schizophrenia = hallucinations/delusions, PPD does not.

Schizoid Personality Disorder: CLUSTER A ODD AND Eccentric

• Detachment from social relationships, prefers isolation.
  
  

• No desire for close relationships, even family.
  
  

• Emotionally cold, limited affect.
  
  

• Indifferent to praise/criticism.
  
  

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Causes/ Etiology:Schizoid Personality Disorder: CLUSTER A ODD AND Eccentric

• Limited research.
  
  

• Childhood abuse, neglect/ shyness or cold upbringing possibly.
  
  

• Cognitive deficits in social understanding suggested → autism
  
  

Treatment Schizoid Personality Disorder: CLUSTER A ODD AND Eccentric

• Rarely seek treatment.
  
  

• Increase social skills and emotional expression.
  
  

• Therapy progress is slow, focus on building interest in relationships.
  
  

High Yield Schizoid Personality Disorder: CLUSTER A ODD AND Eccentric

 → Doesn’t want relationships.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder: CLUSTER A ODD AND Eccentric

• Social isolation + odd behavior, appearance.
  
  

• Magical thinking (knowing the future).
  
  

• Ideas of reference (thinks things relate to them).
  
  

• Illusions/perceptual distortions but not true hallucinations.
  
  

• Strong social anxiety & eccentric speech.
  
  

• Closest PD to schizophrenia biologically.
  
  

Causes/ Etiology Schizotypal Personality Disorder: CLUSTER A ODD AND Eccentric

• Genetic vulnerability shared with schizophrenia.
  
  

• Cognitive and left-hemisphere deficits.
  
  

Childhood issues increases risk.

Treatment: Schizotypal Personality Disorder: CLUSTER A ODD AND Eccentric

• Social skills training, support with social functioning.
  
  

• Often seek treat because of depression/anxiety.
  
  

• Low-dose antipsychotics for perceptual distortions.
  
  

High Yield: Schizotypal Personality Disorder: CLUSTER A ODD AND Eccentric

 → Odd + eccentric + magical thinking.
→ Schizoid = no interest in relationships, Schizotypal = wants but is odd/anxious.