bones v2

To break

-clasis

Surgical removal of bone

Ostectomy

Combining form meaning bone in ostectomy

ost

Suffix meaning surgical removal

-ectomy

Surgical suturing or wiring together of bones

Osteorrhaphy

Combining form meaning bone in osteorrhaphy

oste/o

Suffix meaning surgical suturing

-rrhaphy

Surgical cutting of a bone

Osteotomy

Suffix meaning surgical incision

-otomy

What may an osteotomy involve?

Removing part or all of a bone, or cutting into or through a bone

Incision through the periosteum to the bone

Periosteotomy

Combining form meaning surrounding

peri-

Attempted realignment of a fractured or dislocated bone using manipulation

Closed reduction

How is the affected bone returned to normal alignment during closed reduction?

Manually applied force

What is usually done after closed reduction to maintain alignment during healing?

Immobilization

Surgical procedure required when closed reduction is not practical

Open reduction

Act of holding, suturing, or fastening a bone in a fixed position with strapping or a cast

Immobilization

Another term for immobilization

Stabilization

Pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction to restore normal alignment

Traction

Fracture treatment using pins through soft tissues and bone with an external appliance

External fixation

What holds the bone pieces firmly during external fixation?

An external appliance

What happens to external fixation after healing?

It is removed

Fracture treatment using a plate or pins placed directly into bone

Internal fixation

What does ORIF stand for?

Open reduction internal fixation

Are internal fixation plates or pins usually removed after fracture healing?

No

Procedure performed to treat a herniated intervertebral disk using a thin tube through the skin

Percutaneous discectomy

What can be done to the ruptured disk during percutaneous discectomy?

Suctioned out or vaporized with a laser

Performed through the skin

Percutaneous

Procedure used to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures by injecting bone cement

Percutaneous vertebroplasty

Combining form meaning vertebra

vertebr/o

Suffix meaning surgical repair

-plasty

What type of procedure is percutaneous vertebroplasty?

Minimally invasive

What is injected during percutaneous vertebroplasty?

Bone cement

Surgical removal of a lamina or posterior portion of a vertebra

Laminectomy

Combining form meaning lamina

lamin

Technique that immobilizes part of the spine by joining two or more vertebrae

Spinal fusion

What does fusion mean?

Join together

Surgical removal of a portion of the skull

Craniectomy

Combining form meaning skull

crani

What condition can craniectomy treat involving premature skull suture closure?

Craniostenosis

Amount of pressure inside the skull

Intracranial pressure

Surgical incision or opening into the skull

Craniotomy

Why may a craniotomy be performed?

To access the brain for tumor removal, relieve intracranial pressure, or perform other surgery

Surgical repair of the skull

Cranioplasty

Surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

Osteoclasis

Combining form meaning joint

arthr/o

Suffix meaning loosening or setting free

-lysis

What can -lysis also indicate?

Breaking down or destruction

Minimally invasive procedure for treating the interior of a joint

Arthroscopic surgery

What can be removed during arthroscopic surgery?

Torn cartilage

Surgical repair of damaged cartilage

Chondroplasty

Combining form meaning cartilage

chondr/o

Surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint

Synovectomy

Combining form meaning synovial membrane

synov

How can synovectomy be performed?

Endoscopically

One use of synovectomy

Repair joint damage caused by rheumatoid arthritis

Surgical repair of a damaged joint; currently surgical placement of an artificial joint

Arthroplasty

What is an implant?

A prosthesis that is a joint replacement part

Replacement in which all parts of the knee are replaced

Total knee replacement

Abbreviation for total knee replacement

TKR

Another name for total knee replacement

Total knee arthroplasty

Replacement in which only part of the knee is replaced

Partial knee replacement

Abbreviation for partial knee replacement

PKR

Procedure performed to restore a damaged hip to full function

Total hip replacement

Abbreviation for total hip replacement

THR

What is fitted into the acetabulum during total hip replacement?

A plastic lining

What replaces the head of the femur during total hip replacement?

A metal ball attached to a metal shaft

What do the smooth surfaces in total hip replacement restore?

Hip joint function

Alternative to removing the head of the femur

Hip resurfacing

What is placed over the femoral head during hip resurfacing?

A metal cap

What does the metal cap move over during hip resurfacing?

A metal lining in the acetabulum

Replacement of a worn or failed implant

Revision surgery

Testing used to determine losses or changes in bone density

Bone density testing

Abbreviation for bone density testing

BDT

Conditions bone density testing can diagnose

Osteoporosis, osteomalacia, osteopenia, and Paget's disease

Screening test using sound waves to assess bone mass

Ultrasonic bone density testing

Bone measured during ultrasonic bone density testing

Calcaneus

Low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density

Dual x-ray absorptiometry

Abbreviation for dual x-ray absorptiometry

DXA

Which bone density test is more accurate than ultrasonic testing?

DXA

Transplants used to treat certain cancers affecting bone marrow

Bone marrow transplants

Abbreviation for bone marrow transplant

BMT

Examples of cancers treated with bone marrow transplants

Leukemia and lymphomas

What destroys cancer cells and the patient's marrow before healthy stem cells are given?

High-intensity radiation and chemotherapy

What is transfused into the recipient's blood during a bone marrow transplant?

Healthy bone marrow stem cells

Where do transplanted stem cells migrate?

Spongy bone

What do transplanted stem cells form after multiplying?

Cancer-free bone marrow

What do bone marrow stem cells eventually develop into?

Blood cells

Transplant using healthy marrow cells from a compatible donor

Allogenic bone marrow transplant

Who is a common donor for an allogenic transplant?

A sibling

What can happen if an allogenic donor is not a perfect match?

The recipient's body may reject the transplant

Transplant in which the patient receives their own harvested marrow cells

Autologous bone marrow transplant

What happens to the patient's marrow cells before an autologous transplant?

They are harvested, treated, and stored

Mechanical appliance designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function

Orthotic

Examples of an orthotic

Shoe insert, leg brace, or splint

Substitute for a diseased or missing body part

Prosthesis

Plural form of prosthesis

Prostheses

Surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint

Arthrodesis

Suffix meaning to bind or tie together

-desis

Conditions arthrodesis can treat

Severe arthritis or a damaged joint