Bio Lab Test 2 Flashcard/Typing
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28 Terms
What is the function of enzymes?
Speed up chemical reactions
What is the active site of an enzyme?
Where the substrate binds
What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?
Denature, structure and active site will lose shape, activity decreases
What substance does an enzyme act on?
Substrate
How does an enzyme speed up a chemical reaction?
Lowering activation energy
What is fermentation?
Releases glucose energy without oxygen
What kind of fermentation occurs in yeast to produce alcohol?
Alcoholic (anaerobic)
Which products are formed during alcoholic fermentation?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide
Which organism carries out lactic acid fermentation?
Lactobacillus bacteria
Why is fermentation important in food production?
It helps produce food
What are the major components/organic compounds found in cells?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
Which elements are found in carbohydrates/lipids?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What are examples of monosaccharides?
Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose
What are examples of disaccharides?
Sucrose, lactose, maltose
What are examples of polysaccharides?
Starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitlin
What is starch?
Energy storage in plants
What is glycogen?
Energy storage in animals
What is cellulose?
Forms plant cell walls, fiber
What is chitlin?
Makes up exoskeletons of non animals
What substances are classified as lipids?
Triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, steroids
Cholesterol
Structural component, precursor to steroids
Steroids
Chemical messengers
What are examples of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
Which inorganic substances/ions are important to cells?
Water, sodium, potassium, calcium
Can enzymes catalyze both anabolic and catabolic reactions?
Yes
What model’s enzyme’s shape contributes to the substate recognition and can help explain enzyme-substrate interactions?
Lock and Key and Induced Fit Models
The suffix ase usually means that a substance is an?
Enzyme
What is the optimal pH for an enzyme and a substrate?
pH 7