Cell Theory

Cell Theory

The fundamental concept in biology that states that all living organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living organisms, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Prokaryotic cell

A type of cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, commonly found in bacteria and archaea.

Eukaryotic cell

A type of cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

Mitosis

The process by which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Meiosis

The process of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms, resulting in the formation of four haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.

Genotypes

The genetic makeup of an organism, specifically the combination of alleles for a particular trait.

Phenotypes

The observable characteristics or traits of an organism resulting from the interaction between its genotype and the environment.

Autosomes

Chromosomes that are not involved in determining an individual's sex, containing genes responsible for various traits and characteristics.

Alleles

Alternative forms of a gene that occupy the same position on a specific chromosome and determine specific traits or characteristics of an organism.

Homologous pairs

Pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes in the same order, found in diploid organisms and playing a crucial role in genetic inheritance and the process of meiosis.