Anatomy Chapter 18: Brain and Cranial Nerves

Which of the following is NOT an extension of the dura mater?

a) falx cerebelli

b) falx cerebri

c) tentorium cerebelli

d) epidural space

d

Choroid plexuses are specialized capillaries in the CNS that

1. are covered by ependymal cells.

2. are located in the walls of the ventricles.

3. are located in the dural venous sinuses.

4. are the sites for reabsorption of CSF.

5. are derived from the arachnoid layer of the meninges.

a) 3, 4, 5

b) 1, 2, 4, 5

c) 1, 2

d) 2, 3, 4

c

The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

a) is the same thing as the blood-brain barrier.

b) is due mainly to tight junctions between endothelial cells of the capillaries throughout the brain tissue.

c) protects the neurons of the brain and spinal cord from potentially harmful substances in the blood.

d) is another name for cranial meninges.

c

Circumventricular organs in the wall of the third ventricle lack a blood-brain barrier. This enables them to (Select all that apply.)

a) facilitate the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles.

b) monitor the chemical composition of the blood.

c) secrete cerebrospinal fluid into the ventricles.

d) coordinate homeostatic activities of the endocrine and nervous systems.

b, d

Which of the following is an incorrect statement about a feature of the medulla oblongata?

a) The inferior cerebellar peduncles are fiber tracts that connect the olives of the medulla to the cerebellum.

b) The vestibular nuclear complex is found mostly in the medulla.

c) Pyramids contain the main sensory tracts that pass through the brain stem from the spinal cord; they are visible on the dorsal surface of the medulla.

d) Vital reflex centers for control of heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure are located in the medulla.

c

The regions of the brain stem involved in the control of respiration are the

a) medulla and pons.

b) pons and midbrain.

c) midbrain and medulla.

d) midbrain, pons, and medulla.

a

The tectum of the midbrain bears four rounded elevations

a) called substantia nigra.

b) that control all subconscious muscle activities.

c) that transmit all sensory and motor information between the upper and lower brain regions.

d) that control reflex movements in response to visual and auditory stimuli.

d

The cerebellar peduncles conduct information into and out of the cerebellum. Identify the correct statement(s). Select all that apply.

a) the superior cerebellar peduncles contain axons that extend from the cerebellum to the red nuclei of the midbrain.

b) the inferior cerebellar peduncles contain only motor fibers.

c) the middle cerebellar peduncles contain only afferent (sensory) fibers.

d) the middle cerebellar peduncles carry impulses for voluntary movements to the pons.

a, d

A midsagittal section of the brain would pass through all of the following EXCEPT

a) longitudinal fissure.

b) corpus callosum.

c) falx cerebri.

d) transverse cerebral fissure.

d

The postcentral gyrus is in the

a) parietal lobe of the cortex and contains the primary somatosensory area.

b) parietal lobe of the cortex and contains the primary motor area.

c) frontal lobe of the cortex and contains the primary somatosensory area.

d) frontal lobe of the cortex and contains the primary motor area.

a

The corpus callosum allows information to travel between cerebral hemispheres. Therefore the corpus callosum contains

a) association tracts.

b) commissural tracts.

c) gray matter tracts.

d) projection tracts.

b

Which of the following statements about the basal nuclei is/are TRUE? Select all that apply.

a) The caudate nucleus consists of the globus pallidus and the putamen.

b) The corpus striatum consists of the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and the putamen.

c) The putamen and caudate nucleus regulate muscle tone required for specific movements.

d) The corpus striatum controls subconscious contractions of skeletal muscles.

b, d

Which of the following is NOT a part of the hypothalamus?

a) preoptic region

b) tuberal region

c) supraoptic region

d) intermediate mass

d

The infundibulum is the anatomical link between the brain and the pituitary gland, and therefore it is the primary link between the nervous and endocrine systems. Structures contained in the infundibulum consist of which of the following?

a) A tract that transports hormones from the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei to the posterior pituitary.

b) Small blood vessels that transport regulating hormones from the median eminence of the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.

c) Both choices are correct.

d) Neither choice is correct.

c

Loss of taste in the anterior region of the tongue may be an indication of damage to which cranial nerve?

a) facial VII

b) trigeminal V

c) glossopharyngeal IX

d) vagus X

a

Inability to control eyeball movement may indicate damage to which cranial nerve(s)?

1. trochlear IV

2. optic II

3. oculomotor III

4. trigeminal V

5. abducens VI

a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

b) 2, 3, 4, 5

c) 1, 2, 4

d) 1, 3, 5

d

A block of which nerve would provide anesthesia to the lower teeth and chin?

a) maxillary branch of cranial nerve V

b) mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

c) glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

d) cranial nerve VII

b

In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the primary visual area?

a) occipital lobe

b) temporal lobe

c) parietal lobe

d) frontal lobe

a

In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the motor speech area (Broca's area)?

a) occipital lobe

b) temporal lobe

c) parietal lobe

d) frontal lobe

d

In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the primary motor area?

a) occipital lobe

b) temporal lobe

c) parietal lobe

d) frontal lobe

d

In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the primary auditory area?

a) occipital lobe

b) temporal lobe

c) parietal lobe

d) frontal lobe

b

In what part of the brain would you find the oval shaped swellings called olives?

a) midbrain

b) medulla oblongata

c) hypothalamus

d) cerebrum

b

In what part of the brain would you find the cerebral peduncles?

a) midbrain

b) medulla oblongata

c) hypothalamus

d) cerebrum

a

In what part of the brain would you find the corpus striatum?

a) midbrain

b) medulla oblongata

c) hypothalamus

d) cerebrum

d

In what part of the brain would you find the medial and lateral geniculate nuclei?

a) thalamus

b) medulla oblongata

c) hypothalamus

d) cerebrum

a

In what part of the brain would you find the insula?

a) thalamus

b) medulla oblongata

c) hypothalamus

d) cerebrum

d

In what part of the brain would you find the hippocampus?

a) thalamus

b) limbic system

c) hypothalamus

d) cerebellum

b

In what part of the brain would you find the arbor vitae?

a) thalamus

b) limbic system

c) cerebellum

d) pons

c

Which is a function of the olfactory (I) nerve?

a) conveys nerve impulses related to smell

b) conveys nerve impulses related to vision

c) causes movement of eyelid and eyeball; constriction of pupil

d) causes movement of eyeball via superior oblique muscle

a

Which is a function of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve?

a) conveys sensory impulses from the facial region and anterior scalp

b) turns eyeball laterally via lateral rectus muscle

c) conveys impulses from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

d) conveys impulses associated with hearing and equilibrium

d

Which is a function of the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve?

a) Conveys impulses from taste buds on the posterior one-third of the tongue.

b) Conveys impulses to visceral, cardiac, and skeletal muscles.

c) Conveys motor impulses to laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, and to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

d) Controls movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing.

a

Which is a function of the trigeminal (V) nerve?

a) Conveys sensory impulses from the facial region and anterior scalp.

b) Turns eyeball laterally via lateral rectus muscle.

c) Causes movement of eyelid and eyeball; constriction of pupil.

d) Causes movement of eyeball via superior oblique muscle.

a

Which is a function of the hypoglossal (XII) nerve?

a) Conveys impulses from taste buds on the posterior one-third of the tongue.

b) Conveys impulses to visceral, cardiac, and skeletal muscles.

c) Conveys motor impulses to laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, and to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

d) Controls movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing.

d

Which is a function of the abducens (VI) nerve?

a) Conveys sensory impulses from the facial region and anterior scalp.

b) Turns eyeball medially via medial rectus muscle.

c) Causes movement of eyelid and eyeball, constriction of pupil.

d) Causes movement of eyeball via lateral rectus muscle.

d

Which is a function of the facial (VII) nerve?

a) Conveys nerve impulses related to smell.

b) Turns eyeball laterally via lateral rectus muscle.

c) Conveys impulses responsible for contraction of the stylohyoid muscle.

d) Conveys impulses associated with hearing and equilibrium.

c

Which is a function of the vagus (X) nerve?

a) Conveys impulses from taste buds on the posterior one-third of the tongue.

b) Conveys impulses to visceral, cardiac, and skeletal muscles.

c) Conveys motor impulses to laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, and to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

d) Controls movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing.

b

Which is a function of the accessory (XI) nerve?

a) Conveys impulses from taste buds on the posterior one-third of the tongue.

b) Conveys impulses to visceral, cardiac, and skeletal muscles.

c) Conveys motor impulses to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

d) Controls movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing.

c

Select the structures which are part of the brainstem. Select all that apply.

a) cerebellum

b) medulla oblongata

c) midbrain

d) pons

b, c, d

Which of the following readily pass through the blood-brain barrier? Select all that apply.

a) carbon dioxide

b) glucose

c) nicotine

d) proteins

a, b, c

Pigmented nuclei in the midbrain which control subconscious muscle activities are

a) gracile nuclei.

b) inferior colliculi.

c) pontine nuclei.

d) substantia nigra.

d

Neuroglia that secrete chemicals to maintain strength of the tight junctions in the blood-brain barrier are

a) astrocytes.

b) microglia.

c) oligodendrocytes.

d) Schwann cells.

a

Nuclei that act as relay stations for reflexes regarding the sense of smell and which are located in the posterior hypothalamic area are

a) arcuate nuclei.

b) dorsomedial nuclei.

c) mammillary nuclei.

d) supraoptic nuclei.

c

Which of the following gives rise to the diencephalon?

a) mesencephalon

b) prosencephalon

c) rhombencephalon

d) telencephalon

b

A broad region where gray matter and white matter show a netlike arrangement in the brain stem and the inferior part of the diencephalon, and whose function is to influence muscle tone and to cause arousal from sleep are collectively referred to as the

a) reticular formation.

b) medial lemniscus.

c) cerebral peduncles.

d) cerebellar peduncles.

a

Which of the following is incorrectly matched regarding the midbrain?

a) inferior colliculi; reflex centers for sudden movements of the head and trunk in response to auditory stimuli.

b) superior colliculi; reflex centers for movements of the eyes, head and neck in response to visual stimuli.

c) red nucleus; origin of the tectospinal tract.

d) substantia nigra; production of the neurotransmitter dopamine.

c

Which lobe(s) of the cerebellum controls subconscious movement of skeletal muscles?

a) anterior and posterior

b) flocculonodular

c) anterior and flocculonodular

d) posterior and flocculonodular

a

Which hypothalamic nuclei regulate food intake? Select all that apply.

a) arcuate

b) mammillary

c) paraventricular

d) supraoptic

a, c

Which of the following is NOT a branch of the trigeminal (V) nerve?

a) mandibular

b) ophthalmic

c) temporal

d) maxillary

c

The cranial nerve which conveys parasympathetic control of most organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities is

a) accessory (XI) nerve.

b) glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve.

c) facial (VII) nerve.

d) vagus (X) nerve.

d

During development, most of the protective structures of the brain, that is, most of the bones of the skull, associated connective tissues, and meningeal membranes arise from

a) the neural crest.

b) the neural tube.

c) the diencephalons.

d) the rhombencephalon.

a

The Reticular Activating System receives input from ALL of the following types of stimuli except

a) visual.

b) auditory.

c) smell.

d) pain.

c

Loss of cholinergic neurons (which release ACh), and the presence of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the hallmark features of what disease?

a) Alzheimer's disease

b) Cerebral Palsy

c) Epilepsy

d) TIA

a

Pedro is a budding young scientist. His scientific skills are primarily a function of the

a) left cerebral hemisphere.

b) right cerebral hemisphere.

a

What is meant by the term hemispheric lateralization?

a) there are two main parts of the brain

b) there is a functional asymmetry to the cerebral hemispheres

c) the parietal lobes are on the lateral part of the brain

d) neurons cross over and affect a part of the body on a different side from their origination

b

Diagnosis of epilepsy could be enhanced by using which of the following to measure brain waves?

a) ECG

b) EEG

c) EKG

d) EMG

b

Which of the following declines with age? Select all that apply.

a) brain mass

b) number of neurons

c) number of synaptic contacts

d) capacity for sending impulses

a, c, d

Which condition may be related to abnormal tau proteins?

a) Alzheimer's disease

b) Obsessive-Compulsive disorder

c) Parkinson's disease

d) Schizophrenia

a

The special sensory cranial nerves are (Select all that apply.)

a) I.

b) II.

c) V.

d) VIII.

a, b, d

Olfactory bulbs rest on

a) the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.

b) the lacrimal fossa of the lacrimal bone.

c) the perpendicular plates of the palatine bone.

d) the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.

a

The optic (II) nerve is

a) entirely motor.

b) mixed.

c) entirely sensory.

c

Jennifer is blind due to multiple sclerosis. Jennifer has

a) anopia.

b) anosmia.

c) diplopia.

d) strabismus.

a

Cranial nerve II passes through the

a) foramen ovale.

b) foramen rotundum.

c) olfactory foramina.

d) optic foramen.

d

The oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), and abducens (VI) nerves are

a) motor nerves.

b) mixed nerves.

c) sensory nerves.

a

Damage to the facial (VII) nerve due to Lyme disease may cause facial paralysis called

a) anosmia.

b) Bell's Palsy.

c) ptosis.

d) strabismus.

b

Which branch of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve carries impulses for hearing?

a) the cochlear branch

b) the vestibular branch

a

Lael is experiencing vertigo. He may have experienced damage to which nerve?

a) facial (VII) nerve

b) oculomotor (III) nerve

c) trigeminal (V) nerve

d) vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve

d

Sensory axons of the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve arise from which of the following? Select all that apply.

a) baroreceptors in the carotid sinus

b) chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies

c) proprioceptors from some swallowing muscles

d) skin of the external ear

a, b, c, d

Sensory axons of the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve pass through the

a) foramen ovale.

b) foramen rotundum.

c) jugular foramen.

d) olfactory foramina.

c

Which cranial nerve contains branchial motor neurons which arise from the medulla oblongata and supply muscles of the pharynx?

a) accessory (XI) nerve

b) glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve

c) trochlear (IV) nerve

d) vagus (X) nerve

d

A patient has a stroke which damages the accessory (XI) nerve. This person would have difficulty

a) blinking the eyes.

b) making facial expressions.

c) raising the shoulders.

d) smelling.

c

The accessory (XI) nerve ascends through the

a) foramen magnum.

b) foramen ovale.

c) jugular foramen.

d) olfactory foramen.

a

Injury to the hypoglossal (XII) nerve results in which of the following? Select all that apply.

a) anosmia

b) dysarthria

c) dysphagia

d) tachycardia

b, c

The hypoglossal (XII) nerve is a

a) motor nerve.

b) mixed nerve.

c) sensory nerve.

a