GRAMMAR Unit 1 - Identitadas me presento y mis orígenes

Basic pronouns in spanish

Yo

Tú

él/ella/usted - he / she / you formal

Nosotros

Vosotros - they m f

Ellos/ella/ustedes - he him you LA (PLURAL)

Basic regular present tense verbs ending -AR

Yo o

Tú as

él/ella/usted a

Nosotros amos

Vosotros áis

ellos/ellas/ustedes an

Ex. llevar (to wear), desayunar (to have breakfast)

Basic regular present tense verbs ending -ER

Yo o

Tú es

el/ella/usted e

Nosotros emos

vosotros éis

ellos/ellas/ustedes en

Basic regular present tense vern ending -IR

Yo o

Tú es

el/elle/usted e

Nosotros imos

Vosotros ís

ellos/ellas/ustedes en.

Sentence formation order

Subjecto + verbo + objecto (if its noun + adjective)

Important rule in sentence formation in spanish

ACCORDING TO GENDER AND SINGULAR, PLURAL everything else needs to match

Sustantivas y articulos

Un Una Unos Unas —> “a” indefinitive

El La Los Las —> “the” definitie

Exceptions to sustantivas y articulos

• El dia (m)

• El mapa (m)

• La foto (f)

• La mano (f)

• El problema (m)

Adjectivos y possession

mi / mis (my)

tu / tus (your - informal)

su / sus (his, her, your - formal, their)

Irregular verbs

Ser (to be)

Ir (to go)

estar (be)

Tener (to have)

Salir (to leave)

Hacer (to do)

Situations in irregular verbs

E > IE

Ex. Sentir (to feel) - Siento

Ex. Pensar (to think) - Pienso

O > UE

Ex. Poder (to be able to) - Puedo

Ex. Almorzar (to have lunch) - Almuerzo

Ex. Dormir (to sleep) - Duermo

E > I

Ex. Pedir (to ask for) - Pido

Ex. Vestir (to dress) - Visto

U > UE

Ex. Jugar (to play) - Juego

Reflexive verbs pronouns

Yo ME

Tú TE

él/ella/usted SE

Nosotros NOS

Vosotros OS

ellos/ellas/ustedes SE

Change of routine verbs in reflexive

Ex.

despIErtarse —> ie

vIstirse —> i

AcOstarse —> UE

Position of reflexive routine verbs

1. Before conjugatring verb

Ex. Me levanto a las 7:00

2. Attatched to infitives

• Used after “antes de”, “despues de” or “ir a”

Ex. Antes de acostarme

Despertarse

To wake up

Ducharse

To shower

Cepillarse

Brush (something)

Acostarse

Go to bed

Afeitarse

To shave

Lavarse la cara / manos

Wash face / hands

Peinarse

Brush hair

Ponerse la ropa, zapatos

Put on shoes

Maquillarse

Make up

llamarse

To be called

Irse

To leave

Ending of word (M / F)

M —> O

F —> A

Also always with F if it ends with -dad, -cion. Ex - La estación, la ciudad

Regular verbs

llevar (to wear)

Desayunar (to have breakfast)

Comer (to eat)

Beber (to drink)

Tomar (to take)