Psychology - Chapter 5 - McGraw Hill

Select all of the general categories of temperament in children

Easy child, difficult child and slow-to-warm child

The onset of puberty in boys is marked ______________, the boy's first ejaculation.

Spermarche

_____________________ are people who share equal standing or status and are at the same level, in terms of age, gender, skill, or power.

Peers

The study of change and continuity in an individual across the life span is called

Human Development

The ____________________ is the first major organ to form

Brain

Kholberg's conventional level of moral reasoning occurs when an individual values which of the following?

Trust, Caring, Relationships

_______________ motor skills involve the coordination of the actions of many smaller muscles, along with information from the eyes, in the service of some task, for example turning knobs or fastening buttons.

Fine

____________ refers to the newly required cognitive advancement when a child knows that the items still exist even when he or she does not see the items.

Object Permanence

The first menstrual period is referred to as _______________.

Menarche

Which Piaget stage involves infants learning their world, from their eyes, ears, and mouth?

Sensorimotor

List in order from first to last, the steps of death and dying according to Kubler-Ross

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

Identify all of the possible teratogens from the list:

Viruses, Perscription Drugs, Alcohol and Radiation

Heinz says he did not steal the ball because stealing is wrong. According to Kholberg's theory, this represents reasoning at which stage of moral development?

Conventional

The male gonads are the _____________________ and the female gonads are the _________________________.

Testes, Ovaries

_________ is a belief that inanimate objects are alive.

Animistic Thinking

The ____________________ stage is the first prenatal stage, which begins at conception and lasts the first two weeks.

Germinal

Identify all of the major brain changes that occur throughout adolescence.

More myelinated axons, Synaptic pruning reaches the final stages, Neural synchrony

Concrete operational stage is Piaget's third stage of _______________ development.

Cognitive

What are the environmental agents such as drug, chemical, virus, or other factor that produces a birth defect?

Teratogens

The _____________________ stage is the second prenatal stage, which begins the second week after the blastocyst is firmly implanted in the wall of the uterus, when all of the major organs form.

Embryonic

What is the term used to describe how individuals make use of emotional information from another person?

Social Referencing

Nature's way of making the brain more efficient is a process called _____________________

Pruning

Fine motor skill development in children is displayed in five year olds' ability to

Dress themselves, Print letters and Use silverware

According to Erikson, this stage of personality involves testing and trying new roles. What is it?

Identity vs. Identity Confusion

Developmental stage between childhood and adulthood is called

Adolescence

Who is the person responsible for the most well-known account of moral development?

Kohlberg

________________ is a concept that that is defined by not being able to see others' perspective other than one's own.

Egocentrism

Dementia has which of the following characteristics?

Difficulty in the use of language, Loss of the ability to problem solve and reason and the Loss of mental function, problem solving, and use language.

By ________ months, most children start taking their first steps

12

The principle of __________________ is the knowledge that the quantity of a substance does not change just because it is arranged differently.

Conservation

_______ beings before birth, and is the biological basis to behavior in a particular ways from very early in life.

Temperament

Losing one's sense of ________ can dampen the sense of taste to the point that food no longer has much appeal.

Smell

When adolescence begin to develop increased logic, Piaget would say they are in the ___________________ operational stage.

Formal

Select all of the following that are key changes during emerging adulthood.

Coping with increased responsibility and recognizing the need to make decisions

What is the term for an organism in the second stage of prenatal development (weeks 2-8 for humans) during which cell differentiation intensifies?

Embryo

The single cell that results when a sperm fertilizes an egg is called the _________________

Zygote

The _________ stage begins the formation of bone cells at 8-weeks after conception and ends at birth.

Fetal

What is the process called when events in the womb after the development of physical and psychological health?

Prenatal programming

____________________ is the ability to know what matters, to live well, and to show good judgement

Wisdom

_____________________ is the the period when sexual maturation beings

Puberty

Emerging adulthood spans the age range of

18-25

What person, more than any other, is associated with the study of cognitive development in children?

Jean Piaget

_________________ stage is the second stage of the cognitive development where symbolic thoughts emerge.

Proporational

________________ motor skills consist of holding a crayon, or putting together a puzzle

Fine

Mary has been very confused lately, seems to have many memory swings, and is beginning

The most serious effect of prenatal alcohol exposure is

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

The ________________ theory is described as a strong emotional connection that develops early in life between infants and their caregiver.

Attachment

__________________ competence is the ability to control self expressions and know when it is appropriate to display certain self-expressions.

Emotional

A child with __________ attachment cannot be comforted by the mother or reunion and shows difficulty in returning to play.

Insecure-Resistant

__________________ is a basic, innate disposition that emerges very early in life and affects behavior throughout childhood.

Temperament

Identifying oneself as heterosexual, homosexual or bisexual in adolescence speaks to the development of a(n)

Sexual Identity

_________________ ___________________ is the distress reaction shown by babies when they are separated from their primary caregiver (typically shown around 9 months of age)

Separation Anxiety

Which type of environment creates more complex and neural connections?

Normal and enriched

The _________ child is predictable in daily functions, happy most of the time, and adaptable.

Easy

___________________ adulthood covers individuals around the ages of 40 through 65

Middle

________________ competence is the ability to control self expressions and know when it is appropriate to display certain self expressions.

Emotional

Children begin to interact socially during play around age ___________

3 years

Although there is quite a bit of variability in when people start having sex, the average age for first sexual intercourse in men and women is _________________ years of age.

17

What statement describes the most important information that developmental psychologists have come to realize?

Infants are much smarter than we originally give them credit for.

Neural migration is the process during months _______ of pregnancy by which neurons move from the fetal brain.

3-5

Kelly knows when her ball rolls under her desk and she no longer sees it, she can crawl over and reach for the ball. Kelly knows that even though she does not see the ball it still exists. This is the development of ___________________________ permanence.

Object

Mary has been very confused lately, seems to have many memory swings, and is beginning to show many different forms of physical functions. Mary is showing signs of ___________________________ disease.

Alzheimer's

Amy is in middle adulthood and has decided to start a new art studio for young adults to take art classes in her neighborhood. What stage of Erik Erikson's stages of development is Amy experiencing?

Generativity

Which fetuses are more active in the womb-- males or females?

Males

By what age do children become more aware of the impact of their reactions on other people and have the ability to inhibit their facial expressions of emotion in the presence of others?

9

A child with insecure-___________________ attachment shows odd, conflicted behaviors in the strange situation. These children may be frightened or scared.

disorganized

A _______________ occurs when a blood vessel that serves the brain is blocked.

Stroke

Although stealing is wrong, John should steal the drug to save his wife's life. He must also be willing to suffer the consequences for his action, though. This represents reasoning at which stage of moral development?

postconventional

_____________ ______________________ stage is Piaget's third stage of cognitive development and spans from 6-11 years of age.

Concrete Operational

______________________ intelligence is material abstract reasoning; whereas, ________________ intelligence is knowledge gained from experiences and education.

Fluid, crystallized

According to Erikson, this stage of personality involves a sense of being whole and integrated. What is it?

Integrity vs. Despair

_____________________ is the transition period between childhood and early adulthood

Adolescence

General confusion, memory deficits, apathy, irritability, problems with language, problems with eating and sleeping, paranoia, delusions, and personality changes are characteristic of what disease?

Alzheimer's

A _________________________ child's temperament is unpredictable in their daily functions.

Difficult

What is the term used to describe the process of a person's personality becoming whole and full?

Individuation

What is the process by which non-human newborn animals come to recognize the first moving object they see as their primary caregiver?

Imprinting

______________________ of ______________________ refers to the ability to understand how other people's minds work

Theory of mind

The zone of proximal development is most closely associated with

Vygotsky

Erik Erikson considered the conflict of identity as the major personality development ________________________ go through

Adolescents

According to Erikson, this stage of personality involves the creation of new ideas, products, or people. What is it?

Generativity vs. Stagnation

______________________ programming refers to events in the womb which alter developmental health

Prenatal

Children's social environment expands from attachment to primary caregiver to play with

Other children

By _____________ months, children can sit by themselves, without any help.

Six

Slow-to-warm up children are ________________________ nervous or feel tense toward new situations

Mildly

During what period is the preoperational stage predominate?

2 to 7 years

Though highly variable, the average age of menarche in girls is ________________ years of age

12

What does it mean that the caregiver must create a secure base for the child?

The infant needs to know that the caregiver is accessible and dependable to explore the world with confidence.

According to Erikson, this stage of personality involves forming intimate relationships. What is it?

Intimacy vs. Isolation

By what age are children able to hold objects?

4 months