A level biology aqa
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27 Terms
What is a monosaccharide
A single sugar unit
What is a disaccharide
2 sugar units
What is a polysaccharide
Many sugar units which create large chain
What is an isomer
A molecule with the same chemical formula but different structure
what type of bond joins monosaccharides together
Glycosidic
What type of glucose is this
beta glucose
What type of glucose is this
Alpha glucose
What does a condensation reaction release
Water molecule (H2O)
What does a hydrolysis reaction use?
Water molecule (H2O)
What does hydrolysis do?
Breaks bonds using water
Which reaction forms bonds to make polymers?
Condensation reaction
During a condensation reaction, which molecule is used to create water?
Hydroxyl group (OH)
What are the three polysaccharides?
Starch, Glycogen, cellulose
What are the two different forms of starch?
Amylase, Amylopectin
What is the monomer of starch?
Alpha glucose
What is the monomer of glycogen?
Alpha glucose
What is the monomer of cellulose?
Beta glucose
which polysaccharides have a carbon bond of 1-4?
Starch( Amylose) and cellulose
Which polysaccharides have a carbon bond of 1-4 and 1-6?
Starch (Amylopectin) and glycogen
Describe the structure of Amylose
Glycosidic bond (1-4)
Long straight chain
Insoluble
Coils into helix to fit into cell
Hydrogen bonds for strength
Describe the structure of amylopectin
Glycosidic bond (1-4) & (1-6)
Branched so it has more ends
Easily hydrolysed
Coils into helix to fit in cell
Hydrogen bonds hold together shape
What is the general formula for carbohydrates
Describe the structure of glycogen
Insoluble
Glycosidic bond (1-4) and (1-6)
Branched so more ends
Can be rapidly hydrolysed
Coils into helix shape
Hydrogen bonds hold shape
Describe the structure of cellulose
Glycosidic (1-4)
Long straight chain
Every other monomer is inverted
Runs parallel to each other
Hydrogen bonds between adjacent cellulose molecules
Forms micro fibrils which forms into fibres
Which monosaccharides create maltose?
Alpha glucose + Alpha glucose
Which monosaccharides create sucrose?
Alpha glucose + Fructose
Which monosaccharides create lactose?
Alpha glucose + galactose