organic naming basic

Priority Order: What is the priority order of functional groups?

1. Carboxylic Acid (-COOH) > 2. Sulphonic Acid (-SO3H) > 3. Anhydride > 4. Ester > 5. Acid Halide > 6. Amide > 7. Nitrile (-CN) > 8. Aldehyde (-CHO) > 9. Ketone (-C=O) > 10. Alcohol (-OH) > 11. Thiol (-SH) > 12. Amine (-NH2).

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Carboxylic Acid?

Suffix: -oic acid; Prefix: carboxy

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Sulphonic Acid?

Suffix: sulphonic acid; Prefix: sulpho

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Carboxylic Anhydride?

Suffix: -oic anhydride; Prefix: (None)

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Ester?

Suffix: -oate; Prefix: alkoxycarbonyl

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Acid Halide?

Suffix: -oyl halide; Prefix: halocarbonyl

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Amide?

Suffix: -amide; Prefix: carbamoyl

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Nitrile (-CN)?

Suffix: -nitrile; Prefix: cyano

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Aldehyde (-CHO)?

Suffix: -al; Prefix: formyl or oxo

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Ketone (-C=O)?

Suffix: -one; Prefix: keto or oxo

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Alcohol (-OH)?

Suffix: -ol; Prefix: hydroxy

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Thiol (-SH)?

Suffix: -thiol; Prefix: mercapto

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Amine (-NH2)?

Suffix: -amine; Prefix: amino

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Isocyanide (-NC)?

Suffix: (None); Prefix: isocyano

IUPAC Naming: What is the full IUPAC name for a molecule with a carboxylic acid?

Alkanoic acid

IUPAC Naming: What is the full IUPAC name for a molecule with a sulphonic acid?

Alkanesulphonic acid

IUPAC Naming: What is the full IUPAC name for a molecule with an anhydride?

Alkanoic anhydride

IUPAC Naming: What is the full IUPAC name for a molecule with an ester?

Alkyl alkanoate

IUPAC Naming: What is the full IUPAC name for a molecule with an acid halide?

Alkanoyl halide

IUPAC Naming: What is the full IUPAC name for a molecule with an amide?

Alkanamide

IUPAC Naming: What is the full IUPAC name for a molecule with a nitrile?

Alkanenitrile

IUPAC Naming: What is the full IUPAC name for a molecule with an aldehyde?

Alkanal

IUPAC Naming: What is the full IUPAC name for a molecule with a ketone?

Alkanone

IUPAC Naming: What is the full IUPAC name for a molecule with an alcohol?

Alkanol

IUPAC Naming: What is the full IUPAC name for a molecule with a thiol?

Alkanethiol

IUPAC Naming: What is the full IUPAC name for a molecule with an amine?

Alkanamine

Common Names: What is the common name for Methanoic anhydride?

Formic anhydride

Common Names: What is the common name for Ethanoic anhydride?

Acetic anhydride

Common Names: What is the common name for Ethanoic methanoic anhydride?

Acetic formic anhydride

Common Names: What is the IUPAC and common name for HOOC-COOH?

IUPAC: Ethane-1,2-dioic acid. Common: Oxalic acid.

Common Names: What is the IUPAC and common name for Propane-1,3-dioic acid?

IUPAC: Propane-1,3-dioic acid. Common: Malonic acid.

Common Names: What is the IUPAC and common name for Butane-1,4-dioic acid?

IUPAC: Butane-1,4-dioic acid. Common: Succinic acid.

Common Names: What is the IUPAC and common name for Pentane-1,5-dioic acid?

IUPAC: Pentane-1,5-dioic acid. Common: Glutaric acid.

Common Names: What is the IUPAC and common name for Hexane-1,6-dioic acid?

IUPAC: Hexane-1,6-dioic acid. Common: Adipic acid.

Common Names: What is the IUPAC and common name for Heptane-1,7-dioic acid?

IUPAC: Heptane-1,7-dioic acid. Common: Pimelic acid.

Common Names: What is the common name for Methanoic acid (HCOOH)?

Formic acid

Common Names: What is the common name for Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)?

Acetic acid

Common Names: What is the common name for Propa (CH3CH2COOH)?

Propionic acid

Common Names: What is the common name for Butanoic acid (CH3(CH2)2COOH)?

Butyric acid

Common Names: What is the common name for Pentanoic acid (CH3(CH2)3COOH)?

Valeric acid

Common Names: What is the IUPAC name for CH3-SO3H?

Methanesulphonic acid

Common Names: What is the name for a 4-carbon chain with a sulphonic acid group on the 2nd carbon?

Butane-2-sulphonic acid

Give the IUPAC name, common name, and structure for the 1-carbon carboxylic acid.

Structure: HCOOH. IUPAC Name: Methanoic acid. Common Name: Formic acid.

Give the IUPAC name, common name, and structure for the 2-carbon carboxylic acid.

Structure: CH3COOH. IUPAC Name: Ethanoic acid. Common Name: Acetic acid.

Give the IUPAC name, common name, and structure for the 3-carbon carboxylic acid.

Structure: CH3CH2COOH. IUPAC Name: Propanoic acid. Common Name: Propionic acid.

Give the IUPAC name, common name, and structure for the 4-carbon carboxylic acid.

Structure: CH3(CH2)2COOH. IUPAC Name: Butanoic acid. Common Name: Butyric acid.

Give the IUPAC name, common name, and structure for the 5-carbon carboxylic acid.

Structure: CH3(CH2)3COOH. IUPAC Name: Pentanoic acid. Common Name: Valeric acid.

Give the IUPAC name, common name, and structure for Oxalic acid.

Structure: HOOC-COOH (or COOH-COOH). IUPAC Name: Ethane-1,2-dioic acid.

Give the IUPAC name, common name, and structure for Malonic acid.

Structure: HOOC-CH2-COOH. IUPAC Name: Propane-1,3-dioic acid.

Give the IUPAC name, common name, and structure for Succinic acid.

Structure: HOOC-(CH2)2-COOH. IUPAC Name: Butane-1,4-dioic acid.

Give the IUPAC name, common name, and structure for Glutaric acid.

Structure: HOOC-(CH2)3-COOH. IUPAC Name: Pentane-1,5-dioic acid.

Give the IUPAC name, common name, and structure for Adipic acid.

Structure: HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH. IUPAC Name: Hexane-1,6-dioic acid.

Give the IUPAC name, common name, and structure for Pimelic acid.

Structure: HOOC-(CH2)5-COOH. IUPAC Name: Heptane-1,7-dioic acid.

Give the IUPAC name, common name, and structure for Formic anhydride.

Structure: HCO-O-CHO. IUPAC Name: Methanoic anhydride.

Give the IUPAC name, common name, and structure for Acetic anhydride.

Structure: CH3CO-O-COCH3. IUPAC Name: Ethanoic anhydride.

Give the IUPAC name, common name, and structure for Acetic formic anhydride.

Structure: CH3CO-O-CHO. IUPAC Name: Ethanoic methanoic anhydride.

Rule: What is the primary rule for naming unsaturated compounds (alkenes/alkynes) regarding the parent chain?

The parent chain MUST contain the maximum number of multiple bonds, even if it is NOT the longest continuous carbon chain.

Rule: If there is a choice between a chain with more double bonds or more triple bonds, which is chosen as the parent chain?

The chain with the maximum number of DOUBLE bonds is chosen.

Rule: When numbering an unsaturated chain, what rule applies?

Number the chain to give the lowest locants to the multiple bonds, regardless of whether they come before or after substituents.

Rule: If the multiple bond is at the exact same position from both ends, how is the numbering decided?

Give the lowest locant to the substituent (side chain).

Suffix: If there are multiple double bonds, what is the suffix?

-addiene (e.g., pent-1,3-diene)

Suffix: If there are two double bonds and one triple bond, what is the suffix?

-dienyne

Suffix: If a compound contains both a double and triple bond, what is the rule for the suffix wording?

The 'e' is dropped from 'ene' when followed by a suffix starting with 'y' (e.g., -enyne).

Example: What is the IUPAC name for CH2=CH-CH2-C≡CH?

Pent-1-en-4-yne (Numbering starts from the right to give the triple bond position 1).

Example: Provide the IUPAC name for CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3.

Hex-2-ene.

Priority: What is the golden rule regarding the Principal Functional Group?

The principal functional group must be included in the parent chain, and it determines the suffix of the IUPAC name.

Priority: If a molecule has multiple functional groups, which one determines the suffix?

The group highest in the priority order determines the suffix.

Priority: What happens to the lower-priority functional groups?

They are treated as substituents and are denoted by prefixes.

Priority Order: What is the priority order of functional groups?

1. Carboxylic Acid (-COOH) > 2. Sulphonic Acid (-SO3H) > 3. Anhydride > 4. Ester > 5. Acid Halide > 6. Amide > 7. Nitrile (-CN) > 8. Aldehyde (-CHO) > 9. Ketone (-C=O) > 10. Alcohol (-OH) > 11. Thiol (-SH) > 12. Amine (-NH2).

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Carboxylic Acid?

Suffix: -oic acid; Prefix: carboxy

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Sulphonic Acid?

Suffix: sulphonic acid; Prefix: sulpho

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Ester?

Suffix: -oate; Prefix: alkoxycarbonyl

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Acid Halide?

Suffix: -oyl halide; Prefix: halocarbonyl

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Amide?

Suffix: -amide; Prefix: carbamoyl

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Nitrile (-CN)?

Suffix: -nitrile; Prefix: cyano

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Aldehyde (-CHO)?

Suffix: -al; Prefix: formyl or oxo

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Ketone (-C=O)?

Suffix: -one; Prefix: keto or oxo

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Alcohol (-OH)?

Suffix: -ol; Prefix: hydroxy

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Thiol (-SH)?

Suffix: -thiol; Prefix: mercapto

Prefix/Suffix: What is the suffix and prefix for Amine (-NH2)?

Suffix: -amine; Prefix: amino

Naming Rule: Do groups like Alkyl, Halogen, Nitro, Alkoxy, and Isocyanide ever get suffixes?

No, they are ALWAYS written as prefixes, even if they are the only functional group present.

Suffix rule: How do you combine "Alkane" and a suffix?

Drop the 'e' from alkane and add the suffix (Alkane + suffix -> IUPAC name).

Parent Chain Rule: Do you always have to select the absolute longest carbon chain as the parent chain?

NO. If a functional group is present, the parent chain MUST contain the carbon atom of that functional group, even if there is a longer carbon chain elsewhere in the molecule.

Polyfunctional Rule: What is a polyfunctional group compound?

A compound that contains more than one functional group.

Common Name: What is the IUPAC name for CH3COOH?

Ethanoic acid (Common name: Acetic acid)

Common Name: What is the common name for Methanoic acid (HCOOH)?

Formic acid

Common Name: What is the common name for (CH3CH2COOH)?

Propionic acid

Common Name: What is the common name for Butanoic acid (CH3(CH2)2COOH)?

Butyric acid

Common Name: What is the common name for Pentanoic acid (CH3(CH2)3COOH)?

Valeric acid

Dicarboxylic Acid: What is the IUPAC and common name for HOOC-COOH?

IUPAC: Ethane-1,2-dioic acid. Common: Oxalic acid.

Dicarboxylic Acid: What is the IUPAC and common name for Propane-1,3-dioic acid?

IUPAC: Propane-1,3-dioic acid. Common: Malonic acid.

Dicarboxylic Acid: What is the IUPAC and common name for Butane-1,4-dioic acid?

IUPAC: Butane-1,4-dioic acid. Common: Succinic acid.

Dicarboxylic Acid: What is the IUPAC and common name for Pentane-1,5-dioic acid?

IUPAC: Pentane-1,5-dioic acid. Common: Glutaric acid.

Dicarboxylic Acid: What is the IUPAC and common name for Hexane-1,6-dioic acid?

IUPAC: Hexane-1,6-dioic acid. Common: Adipic acid.

Dicarboxylic Acid: What is the IUPAC and common name for Heptane-1,7-dioic acid?

IUPAC: Heptane-1,7-dioic acid. Common: Pimelic acid.

Sulphonic Acid: What is the IUPAC name for CH3-SO3H?

Methanesulphonic acid

Sulphonic Acid: What is the name for a 4-carbon chain with a sulphonic acid group on the 2nd carbon?

Butane-2-sulphonic acid

What is the golden rule regarding the Principal Functional Group?

The principal functional group must be included in the parent chain, and it determines the suffix of the IUPAC name.

If a molecule has multiple functional groups, which one determines the suffix?

The group highest in the priority order determines the suffix.

What happens to the lower-priority functional groups?

They are treated as substituents and are denoted by prefixes.