Ascomycetes with Various Fruiting Bodies

Onygenales

family Onygenaceae, Onygena equina and corvina on old hooves, horns, feathers, and hair

what are stalked ascomata called

mazaedia

ajellomyces dermatidis

blastomycesis

ajellomyces capsulatus

histoplasmosis

Coccidiodes immitis

Valley Fever (coccidiomycosis)

ajellomyces capsulatus details

dimorphic, grows as yeasts at 37C and mycelium below 37C, occurs in soil, associated with bird and bat feces, infection occurs via inhalation of spores

first and second arrow

conidia

third arrow

conidiogenous cells (phialides)

fourth arrow

supporting cell (branch or metulae)

fifth arrow

swollen apex of conidiophore (vesicle)

sixth arrow

conidiophore

seventh arrow

basal part of conidiophore (foot cell)

first arrow

phialides

second arrow

branches

Pericillium spp.

antibiotic production

Penicillium camemberti and roqueforti

Camembert and blue cheese

Aspergillus sojae

production of soy sauce

aspergillus niger

production of citric acid

penicillium spp. other thing

blue and green molds on bread, cheese, fruits, vegetables

aspergillus flavus

aflatoxins (moldy peanuts)

A. flavus / A. niger

aspergillosis

Erysiphales

powdery mildews, biotrophs of vascular plants, most species are host-specific (a few are omnivorous, infecting hundreds of host species)

Erysiphales characteristics

mycelium is mostly superficial, overwinter as mycelium infected buds or as ascomata, asexual reproduction via conidia, sexual reproduction via ascospores formed in chasmothecia

Erysiphales sexual reproduction

chasmothecia with appendages, formed on superficial mycelium in late summer/early fall, one to numerous asci/chasmothecium, in hymenium, ascospores hyaline, one-celled ovoid, 1-8 ascospores/ascus

uncinula

phyllactinia

one ascus

Sphaerotheca

several asci

Erysiphe

one ascus

podosphaera

several asci

microsphaera

Erysiphales identification

number of asci/ascocarp, chasmothecial appendages, myceloid-herbaceous hosts vs rigid-woody hosts, spear-like with inflated base, with curled tips, with dichotomously branched tips

Discomycetes

filamentous ascomycetes that produce apothecia (apothecium singular)

Rhytismatales

ascomata embedded in stroma, apothecia open up at maturity, almost all members of the order are parasitic on plants (mostly on meedles or leaves), needle blight and cast, tar spot

Class Pezizomycetes

large, conspicuous apothecia (amyloid and non-amyloid species)

Morels

belong to the genus Morcella, black morels, common morels, burn morels, all species considered edible, asci are amyloid

amyloid meaning

blue-black color change when in contact with an iodine-based reagent

burn morels

3 distinct “species” fruit on burned soils the first spring after a fire in a coniferous forest

Truffles

hypogenous fruiting bodies, asci do not forcibly discharge ascospores, mycorrhizal with trees

Tuber melanosporum

black Perigord truffle

Tuber magnatum

white truffle of Italy

Tuber oregonense

oregon black truffle