Imperial Rome in the First and Second Centuries

monarchy

what was the government after the Battle of Actium

1st and 2nd centuries

when was the peak of the Roman Empire

Augustus and Princeps

Octavian’s other names

27 B.C.-AD 14

When did Augustus reign

Augustus

Rome’s first emperor

Augustus

brings peace and prosperity back to Rome

restoring republic

what did Augustus do that wasn’t really possible but he just kept up the appearance

first citizen

what does Princeps mean

Maius imperium

the greatest right to command

Imperator

lasting title that was granted to him by the army

constituencies

body that provides support

senate, army, Rome, provinces

constituencies

senate

great deal of power and prestige

advisor to the senate

Augustus’ relationship to the Senate

army

• farmers—>professional and permanent paid force

• protected Augustus personally

Rome

the HUB of everything

Provinces

provincial governors cleaned up corruptons’s, supervised very carefully, and gave people a say in their local government

44 bc- 14 ad

years of empire

Egypt, Judaea, Rhine Danube Frontier

what territories were added after the battle of Actium

Rhine Danubre Frontier

river that runs through central and Eastern Europe

Germania

• uncivilized, difficult for armies to get through

• failed to add territory to Rome

d. 29

when did Livia die

Livia

Augustus’ wife

Augusta

another name for Livia

Livia

rome’s first empress

Ad 14-37

when did Tiberius reign

Tiberius

Livia’s son from another marriage that Octavian adopted and added as a successor

Tiberius

• not as popular as Augustus because he was more careful with his money

37-41

when did Caligula reign

Caligula

• associated with scandal

• made enemies with senate

• assassinated by members of his own personal body guard

41-54

when did Claudius reign

Claudius

• system by Augustus held

• army chose him

• restored confidence in constituencies

Britain

what conquest was FINALLY successful

d. 59

when did Agrippina die

Agrippina

Claudius’ wife

54-68

when did Nero reign

Nero

Agrippina’s son

Nero

• used money towards entertainment

• self-centered

• committed suicide

• had his mother murdered

64

when was the great fire of rome

Great Fire of Rome

• Nero instituted major rebuilding program

• enemies blamed Nero

Christians

who did Nero shift blame of fire to

68-69

when was the civil war

69-79

when was reign of Vespasian

Vespasian

• ended civil war

• reestablish order and good govt

• first emperor to come from Equites

66-73

Jewish Roman War

Jewish Roman war

start of what would be many Jewish Revolts

98-117

when did Trajan reign

Trajan

• most known for conquest of having the most conquered lands where Rome reached its greatest geological extent

100-101; 105-106

when were the Dacian Wars

Dacian Wars

• under reign of Trajan—first emperor to conquer other side of frontier

Dacia

• great cost of money and men

• no natural boundaries around

• salient: can be attacked from several sides but had to keep soldiers there

113-116

when was Parthian War

armenia/mesopotamia

• cradle of human civilization

• even more difficult to keep safe than Dacia

• how large can empire practically be

115-117

when was Kitos War

Kitos War Jewish Revolt

• during Parthinian war

• Trajan died on his way back to Rome

117-138

when did Hadrian reign

Hadrian

• believed empire was over-extended

• defended what Romans already had

• very supportive of army

Hadrian’s Wall

• in Britain

• signal towers in case of attack

132-136

when was Bar Kokba Revolt—Jewish revolt

161-180

when did Marcus Aurelius reign

Marcus Aurelius

• spent most of his time defending empire

  • suffered very intense sickness

180

end of the most powerful and prosperous phase in Roman Empire