Material presented in between quiz 3 and test 1 - ORGO

chiral molecules can ____ light

bend

_____ found there were two different forms of ______

Louie Pasteur

wine crystal/tartaric acid that could be separated

when the tartaric acid was separated, what happened?

one rotated to the left and the other to the right

this canceled them out

this mixture of tartaric acid became known as ____ which is the latin word for grapes

racemic

what makes a racemic mixture

when molecules on top of the page bend light in opposite directions because of their chiral centers

enantiomers

all chiral centers are the clean/direct opposite

one has R notation while the other has S

non superimposable mirror images

diastereomers

chiral centers differ but not complete opposite (some are the same, some are different)

might have the same R and opposite R/S

non superimposable non mirror images

note that sometimes molecules can be the same so just watch out for that

^^

what molecule is deemed as a meso molecule

chiral centers on a symmetric molecule

true or false: meso molecules do not bend light because of their plane of symmetry

true

enantiomer, diasteromer, or the same?

enantiomer

enantiomer, diasteromer, or the same?

diasteromer

enantiomer, diasteromer, or the same?

the same

what’s the difference between a molecule being the same and enantiomers?

being the same includes same connectivity as well

enantiomers means mirror images of each other (so different connectivity, but all parts are still the same)

when finding if an atom is enantiomer or diastereomer, and the molecules aren’t in the same orientation, tell me what you should do?

find R/S

chiral center

a carbon with 4 different groups attached

racemic mixture

50/50 mix of enantiomers (THEY HAVE TO BE THIS)

meso compound

symmetric but molecule has chiral centers

stereocenter

a point of asymmetry

tell me what these two molecules are

the same

true or false: single bonds are the only bonds that can rotate, which means that double bonds cannot rotate

true

using the real, textbook definition, tell me the relationship between these two molecules

diastereomers

stereoisomers

connected in the same way to the same atoms, but are still different

using the real, textbook definition, tell me the relationship between these two molecules

diastereomers

what question should you be asking yourself when trying to figure out if two molecules are the same?

can I flip the molecule and it will look the same

name?

mono

name?

di

name?

tri

name?

tetra

for ____ substitutions, it doesn’t matter where the substituent is because?

mono

you can rotate the molecule to make it look however you want to

what kind of naming do we use for di substituted alkenes?

cis (same) and trans (different)

E means?

highest priorities are on different sides of the double bond

Z means?

the highest priorities are on the same side of the double bond

(zhe zame zide)

tell me how you would go about trying to figure out if a molecule is E or Z?

look at the double bond and figure out how many groups are coming off of it (mono, di, tri, tetra)

figure out where your highest priority groups are and see if they are on the same side of the double bond or not

remember you’re looking at the groups coming off the double bond and not the carbons attached

E or Z?

E

E or Z?

Z